Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:35:40.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The verdictive organization of desire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Derek Baker*
Affiliation:
Department of Philosophy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong

Abstract

Deliberation often begins with the question ‘What do I want to do?’ rather than a question about what one ought to do. This paper takes that question at face value, as a question about which of one’s desires is strongest, which sometimes guides action. The paper aims to explain which properties of a desire make that desire strong, in the sense of ‘strength’ relevant to this deliberative question. The paper argues that one’s judgment about one wants most will sometimes play a verdictive role, partially determining what the agent most wants, and so making itself true.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Journal of Philosophy 2017

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arpaly, Nomy. 2006. Merit, Meaning, and Human Bondage: An Essay on Free Will. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Arpaly, Nomy, and Schroeder, Timothy. 2012. In Praise of Desire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ashwell, Lauren. 2013. “Deep, dark … or transparent? Knowing our desires.” Philosophical Studies 165 (1): 245256. doi:10.1007/s11098-012-9950-3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, J. L. 1962. How to Do Things with Words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Baker, Derek. 2015. “Why Transparency Undermines Economy.” Synthese 192 (9): 30373050. doi:10.1007/s11229-015-0700-x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berridge, Kent. 2004. “Pleasure, Unfelt Affect and Irrational Desire.” In Feelings and Emotions: The Amsterdam Symposium, edited by Manstead, Anthony S. R., Frijda, Nico, and Fischer, Agneta, 243262. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511806582CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berridge, Kent. 2009. “‘Liking’ and ‘wanting’ Food Rewards: Brain Substrates and Roles in Eating Disorders.” Physiology and Behavior 97 (5): 537550. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.02.044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratman, Michael. 2000. “Reflection, Planning, and Temporally Extended Agency.” Philosophical Review 109 (1): 3561. doi:10.1215/00318108-109-1-35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratman, Michael. 2004. “Three Theories of Self-Governance.” Philosophical Topics 32 (1/2): 2146. doi:10.5840/philtopics2004321/25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bratman, Michael. 2012. “Constructivism, Agency, and the Problem of Alignment.” In Constructivism in Practical Philosophy, edited by Lenman, Jimmy and Shemmer, Yonatan, 8198. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199609833.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bykvist, Krister. 2009. “No Good Fit: Why the Fitting Attitude Analysis of Value Fails.” Mind 118 (469): 130. doi:10.1093/mind/fzn151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, Alex. 2011a. “Knowing That I Am Thinking.” In Self-Knowledge, edited by Hatzimoysis, Anthony, 105124. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590728.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, Alex. 2011b. “Knowing What I Want.” In Consciousness of the Self: New Essays, edited by Loo Liu, Jee and Perry, John, 165183. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, Ruth, ed. 1998. Incommensurability, Incomparability, and Practical Reason. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, Ruth. 2004. “Can Desires Provide Reasons for Action?” In Reason and Value: Themes from the Moral Philosophy of Joseph Raz, edited by Wallace, Jay, Pettit, Philip, Scheffler, Samuel and Smith, Michael, 5690. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, Ruth. 2009. “Voluntarist Reasons and the Sources of Normativity.” In Reasons for Action, edited by Sobel, David and Wall, Steven, 243271. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511720185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, Jules, and Leiter, Brian. 1993. “Determinacy, Objectivity, and Authority.” University of Pennsylvania Law Review 142 (2): 549637. doi:10.2307/3312546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, Gareth. 1982. The Varieties of Reference. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Fernández, Jordi. 2007. “Desire and Self-Knowledge.” Australasian Journal of Philosophy 85 (4): 517536. doi:10.1080/00048400701676419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankfurt, Harry. 1987. “Identification and Wholeheartedness.” In Responsibility, Character, and the Emotions: New Essays in Moral Psychology, edited by David Shoeman, Ferdinand, 2745. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frankfurt, Harry. 1999a. “Autonomy, Necessity, and Love.” In Necessity, Volition, and Love, chap. 11, 129141. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511624643Google Scholar
Frankfurt, Harry. 1999b. “On Caring.” In Necessity, Volition, and Love, chap. 14, 259298. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511624643Google Scholar
Hart, H. L. A. 1961. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Helm, Bennett W. 2002. “Emotional Reason: How to Deliberate About Value.” American Philosophical Quarterly 37 (1): 122.Google Scholar
Holton, Richard. 2009. Willing, Wanting, Waiting. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199214570.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubin, Donald C. 1999. “What's Special About Humeanism.” Nous 33 (1): 3045. doi:10.1111/0029-4624.00141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubin, Donald C. 2001. “The Groundless Normativity of Instrumental Rationality.” The Journal of Philosophy 98 (9): 445468. doi:10.2307/2678494.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hubin, Donald C. 2003. “Desires, Whims, and Values.” The Journal of Ethics 7 (3): 315335. doi:10.1023/A:1024691303625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Humberstone, I. Lloyd. 1990. “Getting, Wanting, Having.” Philosophical Papers 19 (2): 99118. doi:10.1080/05568649009506332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langton, Rae. 2004. “Intention as Faith.” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 55: 243258. doi:10.1017/S1358246100008705.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawlor, Krista. 2009. “Knowing What One Wants.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 79 (1): 4775. doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2009.00266.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McGeer, Victoria. 1996. “Is ‘Self-Knowledge’ an Empirical Problem?Journal of Philosophy 93 (10): 483515. doi:10.2307/2940837.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, Richard. 2001. Authority and Estrangement: An Essay in Self-Knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Oddie, Graham. 2005. Value, Reality, and Desire. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 10.1093/0199273413.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosati, Connie. 2003. “Agency and the Open Question Argument.” Ethics 113 (3): 490527. doi:10.1086/345625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosati, Connie. 2004. “Some Puzzles about the Objectivity of the Law.” Law and Philosophy 23 (3): 273323. doi:10.1023/B:LAPH.0000014571.10545.6e.Google Scholar
Ross, Jacob. 2009. “How to Be a Cognitivist about Practical Reason.” Oxford Studies in Metaethics, vol. 4, edited by Shafer-Landau, Russ, 243281. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Schafer, Karl. 2013. “Perception and the Rational Force of Desire.” Journal of Philosophy 110 (5): 258281. doi:10.5840/jphil2013110528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroeder, Mark. 2007. Slaves of the Passions. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199299508.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroeder, Timothy. 2004. Three Faces of Desire. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195172379.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schroeder, Timothy. 2010. “Irrational Action and Addiction.” In What Is Addiction?, edited by Ross, Don, Kincaid, Harold, Spurrett, David, and Collins, Peter, 391408. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Sinhababu, Neil. 2009. “The Humean Theory of Motivation Reformulated and Defended.” Philosophical Review 118 (4): 465500. doi:10.1215/00318108-2009-015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinhababu, Neil. 2011. “The Humean Theory of Practical Irrationality.” The Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy 6 (1): 113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobel, David. 2011. “Parfit’s Case against Subjectivism.” In Oxford Studies in Metaethics, volume 6, edited by Shafer-Landau, Russ, 5278. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199606375.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael. 2004aInternal Reasons.” In Ethics and the A Priori, chap. 1, 1742. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511606977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, Michael. 2004b. “In Defence of the Moral Problem: A Reply to Brink, Copp, and Sayre-McCord.” In Ethics and the A Priori, chap. 13, 258298. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9780511606977CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1976. “Responsibility for the Self.” In The Identities of Persons, edited by Oksenberg Rorty, Amelie. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Tiberius, Valerie. 2000. “Humean Heroism: Value Commitments and the Source of Normativity.” Pacific Philosophical Quarterly 81 (4): 426446. doi:10.1111/1468-0114.00113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valaris, Markos. 2014. “Self-Knowledge and the Phenomenological Transparency of Belief.” Philosophers’ Imprint 14 (8): 117.Google Scholar
Velleman, J. David. 2000. The Possibility of Practical Reason. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Velleman, J. David. 2006. Self to Self: Selected Essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Velleman, J. David. 2008. “A Theory of Value.” Ethics 118 (3): 410436. doi:10.1086/528782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, Gary. 1975. “Free Agency.” The Journal of Philosophy 72 (8): 205220. doi:10.2307/2024703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Way, Jonathan. 2007. “Self-knowledge and the Limits of Transparency.” Analysis 67 (3): 223230. doi:10.1093/analys/67.3.223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Bernard. 1981. “Internal and External Reasons.” In Moral Luck, chap. 8, 101113. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Allen. 1990. Hegel’s Ethical Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 10.1017/CBO9781139172257CrossRefGoogle Scholar