Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T12:04:35.887Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Immunity to Error and Subjectivity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Robert J. Howell*
Affiliation:
Southern Methodist University, DallasTX75275, USA

Extract

Since Sydney Shoemaker published his seminal article ‘Self-Reference and Self-Awareness’ in 1968, the notion of ‘Immunity to Error through Misidentification’ (IEM) has received much attention. It crops up in discussions of personal identity, indexical thought and introspection, and has been used to interpret remarks made by philosophers from Wittgenstein to William James. The precise significance of IEM is often unspecified in these discussions, however. It is unclear, for example, whether it constitutes an important status of judgments, whether it explains an important characteristic of judgments, or whether it merely marks an important characteristic of judgments. Nevertheless, reference to IEM abounds, making this obscure notion seem all the more significant.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Authors 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alston, William. (1995). ‘How to Think about Reliability.Philosophical Topics 23: 1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anscombe, G.E.M. (1994). ‘The First Person.’ In Cassam (1994): 140–59.Google Scholar
Audi, Robert (1986). ‘Belief, Reason and InferencePhilosophical Topics, XIV, 1: 27-65 Reprinted in Audi (1993): 233–73. Pagination is from (1993).Google Scholar
Audi, Robert. (1993). The Structure of Justification. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Austin, David F. (1990). What is the Meaning of ‘This’? Oxford: Oxford University.Press.Google Scholar
Baker, Lynne Rudder. (2000). Persons and Bodies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bar-On, Dorit. (2004). Speaking My Mind. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bermudez, Jose Luis Marcel, Anthony and Eilan, Naomi. Eds. (1995). The Body and the Self. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bermudez, Jose Luis. (1998) The Paradox of Self-Consciousness. Cambridge: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonjour, Laurence. (1985). The Structure of Empirical Knowledge. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Brewer, Bill. (1995). ‘Bodily Awareness of the Self’ in Bermudez, Marcel and Eilan (1995).Google Scholar
Campbell, John. (1994) Past, Space and Self. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Campbell, John. (1999). ‘Immunity to Error through Misidentification and the Meaning of a Referring Term,Philosophical Topics 26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassam, Quassim. (1994). Ed. Self-Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Cassam, Quassim. (1995). ‘Introspection and Bodily Self-Ascription.’ In Bermudez, Marcel and Eilan (1995).Google Scholar
Cassam, Quassim. (1997). Self and World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Christofidou, Andrea. (1995). ‘First Person: The Demand for Identification-Free Self-Reference.The Journal of Philosophy 42: 223–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christofidou, Andrea. (2000) ‘Self-Consciousness and the Double Immunity.Philosophy 75: 294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Descartes, Rene. (1984). The Philosophical Writings of Descartes (3 vols.) trans. Cottingham, John Stoothoff, Robert and Murdoch, Dugald. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, Gareth. (1982). The Varieties of Reference. McDowell, John ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Evans, Gareth. (1997). ‘Understanding Demonstratives.’ In Ludlow (1997): 717–44.Google Scholar
Evans, Gareth and McDowell, John eds. (1976). Truth and Meaning. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Feldman, Richard. (1985). ‘Reliability and Justification’ The Monist: 159–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fricker, Elizabeth (1998). ‘Special Access.’ In Wright et al. (1998): 123–54.Google Scholar
James, William. (1890). The Principles of Psychology. 2 vols. New York: Henry Holt.Google Scholar
Howell, Robert J. (2006). ‘Self-Knowledge and Self-ReferencePhilosophy and Phenomenological Research 72(1): 4470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, M.G.F. (1995). ‘Bodily Awareness.’ In Bermudez, Marcel and Eilan (1995).Google Scholar
McGinn, Colin. (1983). The Subjective View. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1994). Mind and World. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1998a). Meaning, Knowledge and Reality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1998b). ‘De re senses.’ In McDowell (1998a): 214–27.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1998c). ‘Singular Thought and the Extent of Inner Space.’ In McDowell (1998a): 229–59.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1998d). Mind, Value, and Reality. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1998e). ‘Reductionism and the First-Person.’ In McDowell (1998d): 359–84.Google Scholar
McDowell, John. (1998f). ‘Response to Wright.’ In Wright et al. (1998).Google Scholar
Moran, Richard. (2001). Authority and Estrangement. Princeton: Princeton University.Press.Google Scholar
Noonan, Harold. (1979). ‘Identity and the First Person.’ In Teichman and Diamond. (1979).Google Scholar
O’Brian, Lucy F. (1995a). ‘The Problem of Self-IdentificationProceedings of the Aristotelian Society 95.Google Scholar
O’Brian, Lucy F. (1995b). ‘Evans on Self-IdentificationNous 23 (1995): 232–47.Google Scholar
Parfit, Derek. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Perry, John. (1979). ‘The Problem of the Essential IndexicalNous 13 (1979): 321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perry, John. (1997). ‘Frege on Demonstratives.’ In Ludlow (1997).Google Scholar
Pryor, James. (1999). ‘Immunity to Error through MisidentificationPhilosophical Topics. 26 (1999): 271301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Recanati, Francois. (1997). Direct Reference. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Reynolds, Steven. (1992). ‘Self-recognitionPhilosophical Quarterly 42 (1992): 182–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovane, Carol. (1987). The Epistemology of First Person Reference’ The Journal of Philosophy: 146–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovane, Carol. (1998). The Bounds of Agency. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Schiffer, Stephen R. (1978). ‘The Basis of ReferenceErkenntnis 13 (1978): 171-206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiffer, Stephen R. (1981). Indexicals and the Theory of Reference. Synthese 49 (1981): 43100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sellars, Wilfrid. (1956). ‘Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind. Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol.1. Herbert Feigl and Michael Scriven, eds. 253329.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, Sydney A. (1963). Self-Knowledge and Self-Identity. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, Sydney A. (1970). Persons and their pasts. American Philosophical Quarterly 7 (1970): 269–85.Google Scholar
Shoemaker, Sydney A. (1994). ‘Self-Reference and Self-Awareness.’ In Cassam (1994).Google Scholar
Siegel, Susanna. (2002). ‘The Role of Perception in Demonstrative Reference.’ Philosopher’s Imprint. Vol. 2, No.1.Google Scholar
Strawson, P.F. (1959). Individuals. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Strawson, P.F. (1966). The Bounds of Sense. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Strawson, P.F. (1994). ‘The First-Person and Others.’ In Cassam (1994).Google Scholar
Taschek, William W. (1985). ‘Referring to Oneself*Canadian Journal of Philosophy 15 (1985): 629–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomberlin, James E. ed. (1983). Agent, Language and the Structure of the World. Indianapolis: Hackett.Google Scholar
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. (1958). The Blue and Brown Books. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Wright, Crispin. (1998). ‘Self-Knowledge: The Wittgensteinian Legacy.’ In Wright et al. (1998): 1346.Google Scholar
Wright, Crispin Smith, Barry C. and Macdonald, Cynthia (1998). Knowing Our Own Minds. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar