Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T19:26:31.487Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

‘I do not cognize myself through being conscious of myself as thinking’: Self-knowledge and the irreducibility of self-objectification in Kant

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2020

Thomas Khurana*
Affiliation:
Philosophy, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
*
Thomas Khurana [email protected]Philosophy, University of Essex, Colchester, UK

Abstract

The paper argues that Kant'sdistinction between pure and empirical apperception cannot be interpreted as distinguishing two self-standing types of self-knowledge. For Kant, empirical and pure apperception need to co-operate to yield substantive self-knowledge. What makes Kant'saccount interesting is his acknowledgment that there is a deep tension between the way I become conscious of myself as subject through pure apperception and the way I am given to myself as an object of inner sense. This tension remains problematic in the realm of theoretical cognition but can be put to work and made productive in terms of practical self-knowledge.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Journal of Philosophy 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allison, H. 2004. Kant'sTranscendental Idealism. Revised and Enlarged Edition. New Haven: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ameriks, K. 2000. Kant‘s Theory of Mind: An Analysis of the Paralogisms of Pure Reason. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyle, M. 2009. “Two Kinds of Self-Knowledge.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 78 (1 ): 133164. doi:10.1111/j.1933-1592.2008.00235.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cassam, Q. 1997. Self and World. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Emundts, D. 2013. “Kant über Selbstbewusstsein.” In Self, World, and Art. Metaphysical Topics in Kant and Hegel, edited by Emundts, D., 5177. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engstrom, S. 2013. “Unity of Apperception.” Studi Kantiani 26: 3754.Google Scholar
Fichte, J. G. 1982. The Science of Knowledge. Translated and edited by Heath, Peter and Lachs, John. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fichte, J. G. 1992. Foundations of Transcendental Philosophy (Wissenschaftslehre) Nova Methodo (1796–99). Translated and edited by Breazeale, Daniel. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Fisher, N. 2017. “Kant on Animal Minds.” Ergo 4 (15 ): 441462. doi:10.3998/ergo.12405314.0004.015.Google Scholar
Ginsborg, H. 2013. “The Appearance of Spontaneity.” In Self, World, and Art. Metaphysical Topics in Kant and Hegel, edited by Emundts, D., 119144. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Horstmann, R.-P. 1993. “Kants Paralogismen.” Kant-Studien 84 (4 ): 408425. doi:10.1515/kant.1993.84.4.408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horstmann, R.-P. 2010. “The Limited Significance of Self-Consciousness.” Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale 68 (4 ): 435454. doi:10.3917/rmm.104.0435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, I. 1928. “Reflexionen zur Metaphysik.” In Kant'sgesammelte Schriften Bd. XVIII. Edited by the Preußische Akademie der, Wissenschaften Königlich, 3725. Berlin/Leipzig: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 1929. Critique of Pure Reason. Translated by Kemp Smith, Norman. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 1977. “Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht.” In Schriften zur Anthropologie, Geschichtsphilosophie, Politik und Pädagogik. Werkausgabe XII, edited by Weischedel, W., 399690. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 1996. “Critique of Practical Reason.” In Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by Gregor, Mary J., 133271. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 1996a. “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals.” In Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by Gregor, Mary J., 37108. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 1997. Lectures on Metaphysics. Translated and edited by Ameriks, Karl and Naragon, Steve. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, I. 1998. Kritik der reinen Vernunft. Edited by Timmermann, Jens. Hamburg: Meiner.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, I. 1999. Correspondence. Edited by Zweig, Arnulf. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, I. 2002. “Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics that Will Be Able to Come Forward as Science (1783).” In Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Edited by Allison, H., Heath, P., translated by Hatfield, G., Friedman, M., Allison, H., Heath, P., 29169. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 2002a. “What Real Progress Has Metaphysics Made in Germany since the Time of Leibniz and Wolff? (1793/1804).” In Theoretical Philosophy after 1781. Edited by Allison, H., Heath, P., translated by Hatflield, G., Friedman, M., Allison, H., Heath, P., 337424. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kant, I. 2005. “Leningrad Fragment I: On Inner Sense.” In Notes and Fragments. Edited by Guyer, Paul, translated by Bowman, C., Guyer, P., Rauscher, F., 364366. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kant, I. 2006. Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View. Edited and translated by Louden, Robert B.. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Keller, P. 2001. Kant and the Demands of Self-Consciousness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Khurana, T. 2017. Das Leben der Freiheit. Form und Wirklichkeit der Autonomie. Berlin: Suhrkamp.Google Scholar
Khurana, T. 2018. “The Self-determination of Force: Desire and Practical Self-consciousness in Kant and Hegel.” International Yearbook of German Idealism 13/2015: 179204. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110579802-009.Google Scholar
Kitcher, P. 2011. Kant'sThinker. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Longuenesse, B. 2006. “Self-Consciousness and Consciousness of One'sOwn Body. Variations on a Kantian Theme.” Philosophical Topics 34: 283309. doi:10.5840/philtopics2006341/210.Google Scholar
Longuenesse, B. 2017. I, Me, Mine: Back to Kant, and Back Again. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moran, R. 2001. Authority and Estrangement: An Essay on Self-Knowledge. Princeton: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pippin, R. 1982. Kant'sTheory of Form. An Essay on the Critique of Pure Reason. New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Powell, C. T. 1990. Kant'sTheory of Self-Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renz, U. 2015. “Becoming Aware of One'sThoughts: Kant on Self-Knowledge and Reflective Experience.” In Mind, Language and Action, edited by Moyal-Sharrock, D., Munz, V., and Coliva, A., 581599. New York: De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Villinger, R. 2018. Kant und die Imagination der Tiere. Konstanz: Konstanz University Press.Google Scholar
Willaschek, M., and Watkins, E.. 2017. “Kant on Cognition and Knowledge.” Synthese. doi:10.1007/s11229-017-1623-5.Google Scholar