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White Matter Repair: Skin-Derived Precursors as a Source of Myelinating Cells

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Jeff Biernaskie  and
Freda D. Miller
Jeff Biernaskie*
Affiliation:
Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Freda D. Miller
Affiliation:
Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Departments of Molecular and Medical Genetics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
*
Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Room HM220, University of Calgary, 3300 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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Abstract:

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Stem cell based therapies hold great promise for repair and functional restoration following neurological injury and disease. Skin-derived precursors (or “SKPs”) are a novel, multipotent somatic stem cell that resides within the mammalian dermis. SKPs persist within the skin throughout adulthood and yet intriguingly, exhibit many similarities to embryonic neural crest stem cells (NCSCs). For example, SKPs give rise to both neural and mesodermal cell types, and the former appear biased to peripheral nervous system fates. As such, SKPs are capable of generating Schwann cells, the myelinating glial cell of the peripheral nervous system. Here we discuss our current understanding of the biological origin of SKPs and specifically the potential therapeutic utility of SKPs as a highly accessible and autologous source of Schwann cells for remyelination and repair of the injured or diseased nervous system.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:

Les traitements à base de cellules souches pour la réparation et le rétablissement fonctionnel suite à une lésion neurologique ou à une maladie sont très prometteurs. Les précurseurs dérivés de la peau (PDP) sont de nouvelles cellules souches somatiques pluripotentes qu'on retrouve dans le derme des mammifères. Les PDP persistent dans la peau pendant toute la vie adulte et, ce qui est intriguant, présentent plusieurs caractéristiques similaires à celles des cellules souches de la crête neurale embryonnaire. À titre d'exemple, les PDP donnent naissance à des cellules de type nerveux et de type mésodermique et les premières semblent biaisées en faveur du système nerveux périphérique. Elles sont donc capables de générer des cellules de Schwann qui sont les cellules gliales myélinisantes du système nerveux périphérique. Nous discutons ici de notre compréhension actuelle de l'origine biologique des PDP et spécifiquement de leur utilité thérapeutique potentielle comme source autologue très accessibles de cellules de Schwann pour la remyélinisation et la réparation du système nerveux malade ou qui a subi une lésion.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 37 , supplement S2 , September 2010 , pp. S34 - S41
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 2010

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