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Simultaneous EEG-fMRI in Human Epilepsy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Cameron JB Cunningham ,
Mohammed El-Fateh Zaamout ,
Bradley Goodyear  and
Paolo Federico
Cameron JB Cunningham
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Mohammed El-Fateh Zaamout
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Bradley Goodyear
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Paolo Federico*
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada The Seaman Family MR Research Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
*
Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Room C1214A, Foothills Medical Centre, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 2T9, Canada.
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Abstract

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Electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to study and characterize epilepsy for decades, but has a limited ability to localize epileptiform activity to a specific brain region. With recent technological advances, high-quality EEG can now be recorded during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which characterizes brain activity through local changes in blood oxygenation. By combining these techniques, the specific timing of interictal events can be identified on the EEG at millisecond resolution and spatially localized with fMRI at millimeter resolution. As a result, simultaneous EEG-fMRI provides the opportunity to better investigate the spatiotemporal mechanisms of the generation of epileptiform activity in the brain. This article discusses the technical considerations and their solutions for recording simultaneous EEG-fMRI and the results of studies to date. It also addresses the application of EEG-fMRI to epilepsy in humans, including clinical applications and ongoing challenges.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:

L’électroencéphalographie (ÉEG) est utilisée depuis des décennies pour étudier et caractériser l’épilepsie. Cependant son utilité pour localiser l’activité épileptique à une région spécifique du cerveau est limitée. Grâce aux progrès technologiques récents, un ÉEG de haute qualité peut maintenant être enregistré pendant l’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf), ce qui permet de caractériser l’activité cérébrale au moyen de changements locaux dans l’oxygénation du sang. En combinant ces techniques, la chronologie des événements intercritiques peut être précisée avec l’ÉEG à une résolution de millisecondes et localisée dans l’espace avec l’IRMf à une résolution millimétrique. L’ÉEG–IRMf peut donc fournir une meilleure évaluation des mécanismes tempo–spatiaux de la genèse de l’activité épileptiforme dans le cerveau. Dans cet article, nous discutons des problèmes techniques rencontrés dans l’enregistrement simultané de l’ÉEG–IRMf et de leur solution, ainsi que des résultats des études publiées jusqu’à maintenant. Nous discutons également de l’utilisation de l’ÉEG–IMRf dans l’épilepsie chez l’humain et particulièrement des applications cliniques et des défis à relever.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 35 , Issue 4 , September 2008 , pp. 420 - 435
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2008

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