Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:11:10.321Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Psychogenic Movement Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Janis M. Miyasaki
Affiliation:
Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Daniel S. Sa
Affiliation:
Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Nestor Galvez-Jimenez
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA
Anthony E. Lang
Affiliation:
Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) are challenging to diagnose and to treat. Since the nineteenth century, PMDs were recognized and described in painstaking detail. In the modern neurology clinic, PMDs may comprise 2-25% of the patient population. Recognition of the various types of PMDs, differentiation from organic illness and an approach to PMDs are described in this article.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Les dérdres du mouvement d’origine psychogè posent un dé diagnostique et sont difficiles àraiter. Ces dérdres sont connus et déits en déil depuis le dixneuviè sièe. Dans une clinique de neurologie moderne, ces dérdres peuvent atteindre de 2 à5% des patients. L’identification des diffénts types de dérdres du mouvement d’origine psychogè, les caractéstiques qui les difféntient des maladies organiques et la prise en charge de ces dérdres sont déites dans cet article.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2003

References

1. Charcot, J-M. Hystero-epilepsy: a young woman with a convulsiveattack in the auditorium. In: Goetz, CG, (Ed.).Charcot The Clinician. The Tuesday Lessons. New York: Raven Press,1987: 102122.Google Scholar
2. Freud, S. Charcot. In: Sutherland, JD, (Ed.). Collected Papers — Vol 1 London: The Hogarth Press, 1957: 923.Google Scholar
3. Guillain, G. Charcot, J.M. 1825–1893, His Life — His Work. NewYork: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1959.Google Scholar
4. Havens, LL. Charcot and hysteria. J Nerv Ment Dis 1966; 141:505516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Lecrubier, Y. Images in psychiatry — Jean-Martin Charcot, 18251893. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 151:1:121.Google Scholar
6. Gowers, WR. A Manual of Diseases of the Nervous System. Philadelphia: Blakiston, 1888.Google Scholar
7. Head, H. The diagnosis of hysteria. BMJ 1922;1:827829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Snyder, S, Strain, JJ. Somatoform disorders in the general hospitalinpatient setting. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 1989; 11(4):288293.Google Scholar
9. Schepank, H, Hilpert, H, Honmann, H, et al. The Mannheim CohortProject — prevalence of psychogenic diseaes in cities. ZPsychosom Med Psychoanal 1984; 30(1):4361.Google Scholar
10. Fahn, S, Williams, PJ. Psychogenic dystonia. Adv Neurol 1988;50:431455.Google Scholar
11. Feinstein, A, Stergiopoulosq, V., Fine, J, Lang, AE. Psychiatric outcomein patients with a psychogenic movement disorder: a prospective study. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 2001; 14(3q):169176.Google Scholar
12. Ford, B, Williams, DT, Fahn, S. Treatment of psychogenic movementdisorders. In: Kurlan, R, (Ed.). Treatment of Movement Disorders. J.B. Lippincott Company, 1995:475485.Google Scholar
13. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manualof mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV),Washington. American Psychiatric Assoc 1994.Google Scholar
14. Barclay, CL, Lang, AE. Other secondary dystonias. In: Tsui, J, Calne, DB, (Eds.) Handbook of Dystonia. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1995:267305.Google Scholar
15. Koller, W. Movement Disorders: Which Ones are Real? Malingeringand Conversion Reactions. Washington, D.C.: American Academy of Neurology Annual Meeting, 1994: #222–3–225–25.Google Scholar
16. Gowers, WR. Epilepsy and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases:Their Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1964.Google Scholar
17. Ranawaya, R, Riley, D, Lang, AE. Psychogenic dyskinesias inpatients with organic movement disorders. Mov Disord 1990; 5:127133.Google Scholar
18. Weiner, WJ, Lang, AE. Movement Disorders — A ComprehensiveSurvey. New York: Futura Publishing, 1989.Google Scholar
19. Lang, AE. Psychogenic dystonia: a review of 18 cases. Can J NeurolSci 1995;22:136143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Marsden, CD, Obeso, JA, Traub, MM, et al. Muscle spasmsassociated with Sudeck’s atrophy after injury. BMJ 1984; 288:173176.Google Scholar
21. Schott, JD. Induction of involuntary movements by peripheraltrauma: an analogy with causalgia. Lancet 1986;2:712715.Google Scholar
22. Schott, GD. The relationship of peripheral trauma and pain todystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985;48:698701.Google Scholar
23. Jankovic, J, Van Der Linden, C. Dystonia and tremor induced byperipheral trauma: predisposing factors. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988;51:15121519.Google Scholar
24. Fletcher, NA, Harding, AE, Marsden, CD. A case-control study ofidiopathic torsion dystonia. Mov Disord 1991;6:304309.Google Scholar
25. Eidelberg, D, Takikawa, S, Wilhelmsen, K, et al. Positron emissiontomographic findings in Filipino X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1993;34:185191. Google Scholar
26. Bhatia, KP, Bhatt, MH, Marsden, CD. The causalgia-dystoniasyndrome. Brain 1993;116:843851.Google Scholar
27. Kim, YJ, Pakiam, AS, Lang, AE. Historical and clinical features ofpsychogenic tremor: a review of 70 cases. Can J Neurol Sci 1999;26(3):190195.Google Scholar
28. Deuschl, G, Köster, B, Lücking, CH, Scheidt, C. Diagnostic andpathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors. Mov Disord 1998; 13(2):294302.Google Scholar
29. Lempert, T, Brandt, T, Dieterich, M, Huppert, D. How to identifypsychogenic disorders of stance and gait. J Neurol 1991;238:140146.Google Scholar
30. Keane, JR. Hysterical gait disorders: 60 cases. Neurology 1989 39:586589.Google Scholar
31. Williams, DT, Ford, B, Fahn, S. Phenomenology andpsychopathology related to psychogenic movement disorders. In: Weiner, WJ, Lang, AE, (Eds.) Behavioural Neurology in Movement Disorders. New York: Raven Press, 1994: 231257.Google Scholar
32. Monday, K, Jankovic, J. Psychogenic myoclonus. Neurology 1993;43:349352.Google Scholar
33. Obeso, JA, Artieda, J, Martinez-Lage, JM. The physiology ofmyoclonus in man. In: Quinn, NP, Jenner, PG, (Eds.) Disorders of Movement. Clinical, Pharmacological and Physiological Aspects. London: Academic Press, 1989: 437444.Google Scholar
34. Hallett, M, Chadwick, D, Marsden, CD. Cortical reflex myoclonus.Neurology 1979; 29:11071125.Google Scholar
35. Thompson, PD, Colebatch, JG, Brown, P, et al. Voluntary stimulus-sensitive jerks and jumps mimicking myoclonus or pathological startle syndromes. Mov Disord 1992; 7:257262.Google Scholar
36. Terada, K, Ikeda, A, Van Ness, PC, et al. Presence of bereitschafts-potential preceding psychogenic myoclonus: clinical application of jerk-locked back averaging. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995;58:745747.Google Scholar
37. Lang, AE, Koller, WC, Fahn, S. Psychogenic parkinsonism. ArchNeurol 1995;52:802810.Google Scholar
38. Couprie, W, Wijdicks, EFM, Rooijmans, HGM, vanGijn, J. Outcomein conversion disorder: a follow up study. J Neurol NeurosurgPsychiatry 1995;58:750752.Google Scholar
39. Verma, A, Berger, JR, Bowen, BC, Sanchez-Ramos, J. Reversibleparkinsonian syndrome complicating cysticercus midbrain encephalitis. Mov Disord 1995;10:215219.Google Scholar
40. Herz, E. Dystonia, II. Clinical classification. Arch Neurol Psychiat(Chicago) 1944;51:319355.Google Scholar
41. Marsden, CD, Harrison, MJG. Idiopathic torsion dystonia (dystoniamusculorum deformans). A review of forty-two patients. Brain 1974;97:793810.Google Scholar