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Peripheral Sensory Axon Growth: From Receptor Binding to Cellular Signaling

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Budd A. Tucker  and
Karen M. Mearow
Budd A. Tucker
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Karen M. Mearow*
Affiliation:
Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
*
Div BioMedical Sciences – M5352, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Dr, St. John's, Newfoundland, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Abstract

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Regeneration following axonal injury of the adult peripheral sensory nervous system is heavily influenced by factors located in a neuron's extracellular environment. These factors include neurotrophins, such as Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and the extracellular matrix, such as laminin. The presence of these molecules in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is a major contributing factor for the dichotomy between regenerative capacities of central vs. peripheral neurons. Although PNS neurons are capable of spontaneous regeneration, this response is critically dependent on many different factors including the type, location and severity of the injury. In this article, we will focus on the plasticity of adult dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and how trophic factors and the extracellular environment stimulate the activation of intracellular signaling cascades that promote axonal growth in adult dorsal root ganglion neurons.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:

La régénérescence axonale suite à une lésion du système nerveux sensitif chez l'adulte est très influencée par des facteurs localisés dans l'environnement extracellulaire du neurone, dont les neurotropines comme le facteur de croissance nerveuse (NGF) et la matrice extracellulaire comme la laminine. La présence de ces molécules dans le système nerveux périphérique (SNP) est un facteur majeur contribuant à la dichotomie entre la capacité de régénérescence des neurones centraux et périphériques. Bien que les neurones du SNP soient capables de régénérescence spontanée, cette réponse est intimement dépendante de plusieurs facteurs différents, dont le type, la localisation et la sévérité de la lésion. Dans cet article nous traitons de la plasticité des neurones sensitifs du ganglion de la racine postérieure chez l'adulte et de la façon dont les facteurs trophiques et l'environnement extracellulaire stimulent l'activation des cascades de signalisation intracellulaire qui activent la croissance axonale dans les neurones des ganglions de la racine postérieure chez l'adulte.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 35 , Issue 5 , November 2008 , pp. 551 - 566
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2008

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