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Le rôle joué par les fibres afférentes métabosensibles dans les mécanismes adaptatifs neuromusculaires

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 December 2016

Patrick Decherchi  and
Erick Dousset
Patrick Decherchi*
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Déterminants Physiologiques de l'Activité Physique (UPRES EA 3285), Institut Fédératif de Recherches Etienne-Jules MAREY (IFR107), Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille-Luminy, Case Postale 910, Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France
Erick Dousset
Affiliation:
Laboratoire des Déterminants Physiologiques de l'Activité Physique (UPRES EA 3285), Institut Fédératif de Recherches Etienne-Jules MAREY (IFR107), Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille-Luminy, Case Postale 910, Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II), Marseille, France
*
Laboratoire des Déterminants Physiologiques de l'Activité Physique (UPRES EA 3285), Institut Fédératif de Recherches Etienne-Jules MAREY (IFR107), Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Marseille-Luminy, Case Postale 910, Université de la Méditerranée (Aix-Marseille II), 163, avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Résumé:

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Les adaptations de l'organisme à l'exercice sont permises par l'ajustement de l'activité des neurones centraux qui est en partie régulée par l'activité des afférences I et II (mécanosensibles), par la mise en jeu des afférences III et IV (métabosensibles) et par les modifications du métabolisme musculaire au cours de l'exercice. Le rôle des afférences métabosensibles apparaît comme fondamental dans les mécanismes adaptatifs à l'exercice et dans la tolérance à la fatigue. Néanmoins, de nombreuses interrogations demeurent. Cette revue fait le bilan des connaissances concernant l'implication de ces afférences dans les boucles de rétrocontrôle sensori-motrices et les mécanismes d'adaptation neuromusculaire. Il semble désormais établi que l'activation des afférences métabosensibles soit à l'origine de l'adaptation cardiovasculaire et respiratoire à l'exercice. De plus, ces afférences seraient à l'origine d'un mécanisme de protection du muscle contre la fatigue en modulant la commande motrice centrale au niveau spinal et supraspinal.

Abstract:

ABSTRACT:

Adaptation to exercise is provided by central neuron activity adjustments which are regulated partly by activation of group I and II (mechanosensitive) and group III and IV (metabosentitive) afferent fibers. These last two groups are activated by exercise-induced changes in muscle metabolism. The role played by these afferents seems to be crucial to exercise and fatigue tolerance adaptive mechanisms. Nevertheless, many questions remain unresolved. The aim of this review is to focus on the involvement of metabosensitivity in sensorimotor loops and neuromuscular adaptive mechanisms. The existence of an adaptive cardiovascular and respiratory reflex to exercise originating from metabosensitive afferent fiber activation is well established. Furthermore, the mechanism of skeletal muscle protection against fatigue could be due to modulation of central motor command at the spinal and supraspinal levels via these afferent fibers.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , May 2003 , pp. 91 - 97
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2003

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