Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T14:08:25.442Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats: Effect of Hemodilution with α-α Cross-Linked Hemoglobin on Brain Injury and Edema

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Daniel J. Cole ,
Randall M. Schell ,
John C. Drummond ,
Robert J. Pryzbelski  and
Suzzane Marcantonio
Daniel J. Cole*
Affiliation:
Departments of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (D.J.C., R.M.S., R.J.P., S.M.), VA Medical Center. San Diego, California (J.C.D.), and University of California at San Diego, La Jolla. California (J.C.D.)
Randall M. Schell
Affiliation:
Departments of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (D.J.C., R.M.S., R.J.P., S.M.), VA Medical Center. San Diego, California (J.C.D.), and University of California at San Diego, La Jolla. California (J.C.D.)
John C. Drummond
Affiliation:
Departments of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (D.J.C., R.M.S., R.J.P., S.M.), VA Medical Center. San Diego, California (J.C.D.), and University of California at San Diego, La Jolla. California (J.C.D.)
Robert J. Pryzbelski
Affiliation:
Departments of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (D.J.C., R.M.S., R.J.P., S.M.), VA Medical Center. San Diego, California (J.C.D.), and University of California at San Diego, La Jolla. California (J.C.D.)
Suzzane Marcantonio
Affiliation:
Departments of Anesthesiology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California (D.J.C., R.M.S., R.J.P., S.M.), VA Medical Center. San Diego, California (J.C.D.), and University of California at San Diego, La Jolla. California (J.C.D.)
*
Department of Anesthesiology. Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, U.S.A. 92354
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The effect of hemodilution, with α-α cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb), on brain injury and edema was assessed after temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Injury was analyzed with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) stain and edema by microgravimety. Part A: DCLHb was given to maintain one of the following hematocrits (Hct) and normotension: 1) 45/Hct, 2) 30/Hct, 3) 16/Hct, or 4) 9/Hct. Brain injury (% of ischemic hemisphere, mean ± SD) was less in the 30/Hct group (31 ±4) versus the 45/Hct group (42 ± 5); and in the 16/Hct (20 ± 3) and 9/Hct (19 ± 4) groups versus the 45/Hct and 30/Hct groups. Edema was less in the hemodiluted groups versus the 45/Hct group. Part B: DCLHb was given to maintain one of the following hematocrits and hyper (HTN) − or normotension (Norm): 1) 45/Norm, 2) 30/Norm, 3) 30/HTN, 4) 16/Norm, or 5) 16/HTN. In hematocrit matched groups hypertension decreased brain injury (30/HTN − 24 ± 2 < 30/Norm − 34 ± 4; and 16/HTN − 17 ± 3 < 16/Norm − 24 ± 4). Edema was not effected by hypertension. These results suggest that hemodilution with DCLHb decreases focal ischemic injury, and is most effective when given in a manner that induces hypertension.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 20 , Issue 1 , February 1993 , pp. 30 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1993

References

1.Heros, RC, Korosue, K.Hemodilution for cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1989; 20: 423–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Paulson, OB, Parving, H-H, Olesen, J, Skinhøj, E.Influence of carbon monoxide and of hemodilution on cerebral blood flow and blood gases in man. J Appl Physiol 1973; 35: 111–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Häggendal, E, Nilsson, NJ, Norbäck, B.Effect of blood corpuscle concentration on cerebral blood flow. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1966; 364: 3–12.Google Scholar
4.Häggendal, E, Norbäck, B.Effect of viscosity on cerebral flood flow. Acta Chir Scand Suppl 1966; 364: 13–22.Google Scholar
5.Back, T, von, Kummer R.Oxygen reactivity of cerebral circulation determined in cats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1991; 11: S458.Google Scholar
6.von, Kummer R, Scharf, J, Back, T, et al.Autoregulatory capacity and the effect of isovolemic hemodilution on local cerebral blood flow. Stroke 1988; 19: 594–597.Google Scholar
7.Brown, MM, Wade, JPH, Marshall, J.Fundamental importance of arterial oxygen content in the regulation of cerebral blood flow in man. Brain 1985; 108: 81–93.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Wood, JH, Simeone, FA, Fink, EA, Golden, MA.Hypervolemic hemodilution in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. J Neurosurg 1983; 59: 500–509.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Tu, YK, Heros, RC, Karacostas, D, et al.Isovolemic hemodilution in experimental focal cerebral ischemia. Pan 2. Effect on regional cerebral blood flow and size of infarction. J Neurosurg 1988; 69: 82–91.Google Scholar
10.Italian Acute Stroke Study Group. Haemodilution in acute stroke: results of the Italian haemodilution trial. Lancet 1988; 8581: 318–321.Google Scholar
11.Scandinavian Stroke Study Group. Multicenter trial of hemodilution in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1988; 19: 464–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.The Hemodilution in Stroke Study Group. Hypervolemic hemodilution treatment of acute stroke. Stroke 1989; 20: 317–323.Google Scholar
13.Asplund, K.Randomized clinical trials of hemodilution in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 127: 22–30.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Koller, M, Haenny, P, Hess, K, et al.Adjusted hypervolemic hemodilution in acute stroke. Stroke 1990; 21: 1429–1434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Cole, DJ, Drummond, JC, Osborne, TN, Matsumura, J.Hypertension and hemodilution during cerebral ischemia reduce brain injury and edema. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: H211–H217.Google ScholarPubMed
16.Cole, DJ, Drummond, JC, Ruta, TS, Peckham, NH.Hemodilution and hypertension effects on cerebral hemorrhage in cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 1990; 21: 1333–1339.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Cole, DJ, Drummond, JC, Matsumura, JS, Marcantonio, S, Chi-Lum, Bl.Hemodilution and hypertension during temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats: the effect on blood-brain barrier permeability. Can J Neurol Sci 1990; 17: 372–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Kee, DB Jr., Wood, JH.Influence of blood rheology on cerebral circulation. In: Wood, JH, ed. Cerebral Blood Flow-Physiologic and Clinical Aspects. New York: McGraw-Hill, 178–181.Google Scholar
19.Cole, DJ, Schell, RM, Pryzbelski, RJ, et al.Focal cerebral ischemia in rats: effect of hemodilution with rx-a cross-linked hemoglobin on CBF. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1992; 12: 971–976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Rabinovici, R, Rudolph, AS, Feuerstein, G.Characterization of hemodynamic, hematologic, and biochemical responses to administration of liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin in the conscious, freely moving rat. Circ Shock 1989; 29: 115–132.Google ScholarPubMed
21.Duverger, D, MacKenzie, ET.The quantification of cerebral infarction following focal ischemia in the rat: influence of strain, arterial pressure, blood glucose concentration, and age. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1988; 8: 449–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Cole, DJ, Drummond, JC, Ghazal, EA, Shapiro, HM.A reversible component of cerebral injury as identified by the histochemical stain 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC). Acta Neuropathol 1990; 80: 152–155.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Bederson, JB, Pitts, LH, Germano, SM, et al.Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenylotetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke 1986; 17: 1304–1308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Nelson, SR, Mantz, ML, Maxwell, JA.Use of specific gravity in the measurement of cerebral edema. J Appl Physiol 1971; 30: 268–271.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Chatterjee, R, Welty, EV, Walder, RY, et al.Isolation and characterization of a new hemoglobin derivative cross-linked between a chains (lysine 99α, → lysine 99α2). J Biol Chem 1986; 261: 9929–9937.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Estep, TN, Bechtel, MK, Miller, TJ, Bagdasarian, A.Virus inactivation in hemoglobin solutions by heat. In: Change, TMS, Geyer, RP, eds. Blood Substitutes. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1989; 129–134.Google Scholar
27.Estep, TN, Bechtel, MK, Bush, SL, et al.The purification of hemoglobin solutions by heating. Prog Clin Biol Res 1989; 319: 325–336.Google ScholarPubMed
28.Vandergriff, KD, Medina, F, Marini, MA, Winslow, RM.Equilibrium oxygen binding to aoc-cross-1 inked human hemoglobin. J Biol Chem 1989; 264: 17824–17833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Hess, JR, Fadare, SO, Tolentino, LSL, Bangal, NR.The intravascular persistence of DBBF-hemoglobin. In: Brewer, G.Progress in Clinical and Biological Research (Red Cell: 7th Ann Arbor Conference). New York: Alan R. Liss, 1989; 319: 351–360.Google Scholar
30.Usami, S, Chien, S, Gregersen, Ml. Hemoglobin solution as a plasma expander: effects on blood viscosity. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1971; 136: 1232–1235.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.DeVenuto, F, Busse, KR, Zegna, AI. Viscosity of human blood hemodiluted with crystalline hemoglobin solution. Transfusion 1981; 21: 752–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Wilkinson, L.Multivariate general linear hypothesis. In: SYSTAT: The System for Statistics. Evanston, IL: SYSTAT, Inc., 1987; 22–30.Google Scholar
33.Hartmann, A, Dettmers, C, Beyenburg, S.Effect of hemodilution on regional cerebral blood flow. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 127: 36–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Symon, L, Lassen, NA, Astrup, J.Thresholds of ischemia in brain cortex. Adv Exp Med Biol 1977; 94: 775–782.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Harrison, MJG.Influence of haematocrit in the cerebral circulation. Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 1989; 1: 55–67.Google ScholarPubMed
36.Mirhashemi, S, Ertefai, S, Messmer, K, Intaglietta, M.Model analysis of the enhancement of tissue oxygenation by hemodilution due to increased microvascular flow velocity. Microvas Res 1987; 34: 290–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Korosue, K, Heros, RC.Mechanism of incerebral blood flow augmentation by hemodilution in rabbits. Stroke 1992; 23: 1487–1493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Hartmann, A, Rommel, T, Dettmers, C, et al.Hemodilution in cerebral infarcts. Arzneim-Forsch/Drug Res 1991; 41: 348–351.Google ScholarPubMed
39.Muizelaar, JP, Wei, EP, Kontos, HA, Becker, DP.Cerebral blood flow is regulated by changes in blood pressure and in blood viscosity alike. Stroke 1986; 17: 44–48.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Muizelaar, JP, Bouma, GJ, Levasseur, JE, Kontos, HA.Effect of hematocrit variations on cerebral blood flow and basilar artery diameter in vivo. Am J Physiol 1992; 262: H949–H954.Google ScholarPubMed
41.Drummond, JC, Oh, YS, Cole, DJ, Shapiro, HM.Phenylephrine-induced hypertension reduced ischemia following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke 1989; 20: 1538–1544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Goslinga, H, Eijzenbach, V, Heuvelmans, JH, et al.Custom-tailored hemodilution with albumin and crystalloids in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1992; 23: 181–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed