Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T17:15:48.942Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Experimental Delayed Postischemic Spinal Cord Hypoperfusion After Aortic Cross-clamping

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

F. Follis ,
K. Miller ,
O.U. Scremin ,
S. Pett ,
R. Kessler ,
T. Temes  and
J.A. Wernly
F. Follis*
Affiliation:
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
K. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
O.U. Scremin
Affiliation:
West Los Angeles V.A. Medical Center and Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles
S. Pett
Affiliation:
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
R. Kessler
Affiliation:
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
T. Temes
Affiliation:
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
J.A. Wernly
Affiliation:
Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque
*
University of New Mexico. Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 2211 Lomas Boulevard, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 U.S.A.
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Background

As in the brain, recent evidence has suggested a defect in the microcirculation during the reperfusion period after spinal cord ischemia. This investigation was undertaken in order to delineate blood flow dynamics in the postischemic spinal cord of the rat.

Methods

Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent cross-clamping of the aorta and subclavian arteries (XC) for 11 minutes. Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was measured by autoradiography in the gray and white matter of cervical (Ce), thoracic (Th) and lumbar (Lu) regions during XC, 1 h, 6 h and 24 h (XC n = 8, 1 h n = 9, 6 h n = 9, and 24 h n = 11, groups) after XC. Control groups underwent surgical manipulations and SCBF measurement but no XC (Sham 1, n = 8), or clamping of the subclavian arteries only (Sham 2, n = 8).

Results

In Ce cord, there was no difference between SCBF of 1 h, 6 h, 24 h and Sham 1. In Th cord, SCBF was reduced during XC (P < 0.003 vs. Sham 2), 1 h, 6 h (P < 0.04 and P < 0.01 vs. Sham 1). In Lu cord, SCBF was not detectable in XC, and depressed in 1 h (P < 0.003) and 6 h (P < 0.003). There was no difference between 24 h and Sham 1 in Ce, Th, and Lu cords.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated a period of delayed postischemic hypoperfusion in the white and gray matter of Th and Lu cord segments lasting 6 h after XC. The phenomenon may play an important role in the ultimate fate of neural elements with borderline viability after ischemic injury.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 22 , Issue 3 , August 1995 , pp. 202 - 207
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1995

References

1.Watson, N.Paraplegia following cardiovascular surgery. Paraplegia 1979; 17: 294–297.Google ScholarPubMed
2.Hallenbeck, JM, Furlow, TW Jr. Prostaglandin 1–2 and indomethacin prevent impairment of post-ischemic brain reperfusion in the dog. Stroke 1979; 10: 629–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Ito, U, Spatz, M, Walker, JT Jr, Klatzo, I.Experimental cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 1975; 32: 209–223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Pulsinelli, WA, Brierley, JB, Plum, F.Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain ischemia. Ann Neurol 1982; 11: 491–498.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Moore, WM Jr, Hollier, LH.The influence of severity of spinal cord ischemia in the etiology of delayed-onset paraplegia. Ann Surg 1991; 213: 427–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Svensson, LG, Crawford, ES, Hess, KR, Coselli, JS, Safi, HJ.Experience with 1509 patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic operations. J Vase Surg 1993; 17: 357–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Jacobs, TP, Kempski, O, McKinley, D, et al. Blood flow and vascular permeability during motor dysfunction in a rabbit model of spinal cord ischemia. Stroke 1992; 23: 367–373.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Jacobs, TP, Shohami, E, Baze, W, et al. Deteriorating stroke model: histopathology, edema and eicosanoid changes following spinal cord ischemia in rabbits. Stroke 1987; 18: 741–750.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Feuerstein, G.Eicosanoids in deteriorating stroke: review of studies on the rabbit spinal cord ischemia and reperfusion model. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989; 559: 313–322.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Elmore, JR, Gloviczki, P, Harper, CM Jr, et al. Spinal cord injury in experimental thoracic aortic occlusion: investigation of combined methods of protection. J Vase Surg 1992; 15: 789–799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Elmore, JR, Gloviczki, P, Harper, CM, Pairolero, PC.Failure of motor evoked potentials to predict neurologic outcome in experimental thoracic aortic occlusion. J Vase Surg 1991; 14: 131–139.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Qayumi, AK, Janusz, MT, Jamieson, WRE, Lyster, DM.Pharmacologic interventions for prevention of spinal cord injury caused by aortic cross-clamping. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 256–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Svensson, LG, von Ritter, CM, Groeneveld, HT.Cross-clamping of the thoracic aorta: influence of aortic shunts, laminectomy, papaverine, calcium channel blocker, allopurinol and superoxide dismutase on spinal cord blood flow and paraplegia in baboons. Ann Surg 1986; 204: 38–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Reuter, DG, Tacker, WA Jr. Badylak, SF, Voorhees, WD III, Konrad, PE.Correlation of motor-evoked potential response to ischemic spinal cord damage. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992; 104: 262–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Chavko, M, Kalincakova, K, Kluchova, D, Nemoto, E.Blood flow and electrolytes in spinal cord ischemia. Exp Neurol 1991; 112: 299–303.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.LeMay, DR, Neal, S, Zelenock, GB, D’Alecy, LG.Paraplegia in the rat induced by aortic cross-clamping: model characterization and glucose exacerbation of neurologic deficit. J Vase Surg 1987; 6: 383–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Follis, F, Scremin, OU, Blisard, KS, et al. Selective vulnerability of white matter during spinal cord ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993; 13: 170–178.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Sakurada, O, Kennedy, C, Jehle, J, et al. Measurement of local cerebral blood flow with iodo-[14C]-antipyrine. Am J Physiol 1978; 234: H59–H66.Google Scholar
19.Reivich, M, Jehle, J, Sokoloff, L, Kety, SS.Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow with antipyrine-[14C] in awake cats. J Appl Physiol 1969; 27: 296–300.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.DeGirolami, U, Zivin, JA.Neuropathology and experimental spinal cord ischemia in the rabbit. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1982; 41: 129–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Kim, SW, Kim, RC, Choi, BH, Gordon, SK.Non-traumatic ischaemic myelopathy: a review of 25 cases. Paraplegia 1988; 26: 262–272.Google ScholarPubMed
22.Sandler, AN, Tator, CH.Review of the measurement of normal spinal cord blood now. Brain Res 1976; 118: 181–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Tveten, L.Spinal cord vascularity: IV. The spinal cord arteries in the rat. Acta Radiol (Diagn) 1976; 17: 385–398.Google ScholarPubMed
24.Heymann, MA, Payne, BD, Hoffman, JIE, Rudolph, AM.Blood flow measurements with radionuclide-labeled particles. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1977; 20: 55–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25.Levy, DE, Van Uitert, RL, Pike, CL.Delayed postischemic hypoperfusion: a potentially damaging consequence of stroke. Neurology 1979; 29: 1245–1252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Olsen, TS, Larsen, B, Skriver, EB, et al. Focal cerebral hyperemia in acute stroke: incidence, pathophysiology and clinical significance. Stroke 1981; 12: 598–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Siesjö, BK.Cell damage in the brain; a speculative synthesis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1981; 1: 155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Van Nueten, JM, Vanhoutte, PM.Improvement of tissue perfusion with inhibitors of calcium ion influx. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29: 479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed