Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T14:22:51.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Case-Referent Study of Extrapyramidal Signs (Preparkinsonism) in Rural Communities of Israel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2015

Y.O. Herishanu ,
E. Kordysh  and
J.R. Goldsmith
Y.O. Herishanu*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, Goldman Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
E. Kordysh
Affiliation:
Soroka Medical Center and Unit of Epidemiology, Goldman Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
J.R. Goldsmith
Affiliation:
Soroka Medical Center and Unit of Epidemiology, Goldman Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
*
Department of Neurology, Soroka Medical Center, P.O. Box 151, Beer-Sheva 8410, Israel
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract:

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Background:

In previous studies we reported an increased prevalence of Parkinson's disease in several kibbutzim of Southern Israel (cluster kibbutzim). Subsequent studies revealed a significant prevalence of subjects presenting extrapyramidal signs (preparkinsonism) in the same kibbutzim. On follow-up worsening of these signs was observed in some of the older subjects, some of them actually being diagnosed as suffering from I-Dopa responsive Parkinson's disease. The current study was designed to evaluate possible etiologic factors for the development of preparkinsonism.

Methods:

317 subjects over the age of 40, living in five kibbutzim were examined and interviewed. 95 subjects presenting extrapyramidal signs were compared with 95 control subjects. They were matched for age, sex and length of residence in the kibbutz. Odds ratios were computed to identify exposure variables for logistic regression analyses. Detectors for carbamates and organic phosphates were applied at different sites of these kibbutzim.

Results:

The severity and frequency of the extrapyramidal signs were higher in the older age groups, more in the “cluster”, than in other kibbutzim. A very strong association was found between field crop work exposure, particularly cotton, and preparkinsonism (p = 0.0007) and a slightly weaker association for landscape work. The detectors picked up abundant pesticide traces (carbamates and organic phosphates) in the residential areas fairly distant from sites of aerial spray.

Conclusion:

We assume a chronic passive exposure of the residents in these kibbutzim to pesticides, in addition to any occupational exposures.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 25 , Issue 2 , February 1998 , pp. 127 - 133
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Neurological Sciences Federation 1998

References

REFERENCES

1.Mutch, WJ, Dingwall-Fordyce, I, Downie, AW, Paterson, JG, Roy, SK. Parkinson’s disease in a Scottish city. Br Med J (Clin Res) 1986; 292: 534–536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Herishanu, YO, Goldsmith, JR, Abarbanel, JM, Weinbaum, Z. Clustering of Parkinson’s Disease in Southern Israel. Can J Neurol Sci 1989; 16: 402–405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Calne, DB, Langston, JW. Aetiology of Parkinson’s disease. Lancet 2 1983; 1457–1459.Google Scholar
4.Rajput, AH, Uitti, RJ, Stern, W, Laverty, W. Early onset Parkinson’s disease in Saskatchewan-environmental considerations for etiology. Can J Neurol Sci 1986; 13: 312–316.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Tanner, CM. Influence of environmental factors on the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) (abst). Neurology 1986; 36 (Suppl 1): 215.Google Scholar
6.Butterfield, PG, Valanis, BG, Spencer, PS, Lindeman, CA, Nutt, JG. Environmental antecedents of young-onset Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 1150–1158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Tanner, CM, Grabler, P, Goetz, CG. Occupation and the risk of Parkinson’s disease (abst). Neurology 1990; 40 (Suppl 1): 422.Google Scholar
8.Jimenez-Jimenez, FJ, Mateo, D, Gimenez-Roldan, S. Premorbid smoking, alcohol drinking and coffee consumption in Parkinson’s disease. A case-control study. Mov Disord 1992; 7: 339–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Barbeau, A, Roy, M, Cloutier, T, Plasse, T, Paris, S. Environmental and genetic factors in the etiology of Parkinson’s disease. In: Yahr, MD, Bergmann, KJ, eds. Parkinson’s disease. Advances in Neurology. New York: Raven Press, 1986; 45: 299–306.Google Scholar
10.Ho, SC, Woo, J, Lee, CM. Epidemiologic study of Parkinson’s disease in Hong Kong. Neurology 1989; 39: 1314–1318.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Koller, W, Vetere-Overfield, B, Gray, C, et al. Environmental risk factors in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1990; 40: 1218–1221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Davanipour, Z , Will, AD. Residential histories in Parkinson’s disease patients. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 280–295.Google Scholar
13.Wong, GF, Gray, CS, Hassanein, RS, Koller, WC. Environmental risk factors in siblings with Parkinson’s Disease. Arch Neurol 1991; 48: 287–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Stern, M, Dulaney, E, Gruber, SB, et al. The epidemiology of Parkinson’s disease: a case-control study of young-onset patients. Arch Neurol 1991; 48; 903–907.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Morano, A, Jimenez-Jimenez, FJ, Molina, JA, Antolin, MA. Risk-factors for Parkinson’s disease: case-control study in the province of Caceres, Spain. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; 89: 164–170.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Campanella, G, Filla, A, De Michele, , et al. Etiology of Parkinson’s disease: results of two case-control studies. Mov Disord 1990; 5 (Suppl): 31.Google Scholar
17.Campanella, G, De Michele, G, De Marco, V, et al. Environmental and genetic risk factors in Parkinson’s disease. Mov Disord 1992; 7 (Suppl 1): 76.Google Scholar
18.Goldsmith, JR, Herishanu, Y, Abarbanel, JM, Weinbaum, Z. Clustering of Parkinson’s disease point to environmental etiology. Arch Environm Health 1990; 45: 88–94.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Herishanu, YO, Goldsmith, JR. Clustering of Parkinson’s disease in Southern Israel. An endemic Parkinsonism-impaired vibration sense syndrome. In: Nagatsu, et al., eds. Basic, Clinical and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases. Plenum Press, NY, 1990; 2: 267–270.Google Scholar
20.Herishanu, YO, Frisher, S. Early Parkinsonism in a rural population of Southern Israel (abst). Mov Disord 1991; 6: 270.Google Scholar
21.Herishanu, YO, Podgaietski, M, Granovski, R. Olfactory function in a cohort of preparkinsonian subjects. In: Korczyn, AD, Monduzzi, , eds. Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease, 1994: 85–89.Google Scholar
22.Bennett, DA, Beckett, LA, Murray, AM, et al. Prevalence of parkinsonian signs and associated mortality in a community population of older people. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 71–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Doty, RL, Shaman, P, Dann, M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav 1984; 32: 489–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Duncan, G, Wilson, JA. Extrapyramidal signs in dementia of Alzheimer type. Lancet 1989, 2: 1392.Google Scholar
25.Khatter, AS, Kurth, MC, Merroto, MA, et al. Continuing follow-up of tremor and Parkinson’s disease in a retirement community: phase II (abst). Neurology 1996; 46: 378.Google Scholar
26.Trenkwalder, C, Schwarz, J, Gebhard, J, et al. Stamberg trial on epidemiology of Parkinsonism in the elderly. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 1017–1022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Waite, LM, Broe, GA, Creasey, H, et al. Neurological signs, aging, and the neurodegenerative syndromes. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 498–502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Rajput, AH, Uitti, RJ, SternW,D W,D, et al. Geography, Drinking Water Chemistry, Pesticides and Herbicides and the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease.Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: 414–418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Tanner, CM, Chen, B, Wang, W, et al. Environmental Factors in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease. Can J Neurol Sci 1987; 14: 419–423.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Liou, HH, Jeng, JS, Chang, YC, Chen, RC. Environmental risk factors and Parkinson’s disease: a case-control study in Taiwan (abst). Neurology 1996; 46: A349.Google Scholar
31.Wechsler, LS, Checkoway, H, Franklin, GM, Costa, LG. A pilot study of occupational and environmental risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. Neurotoxicology 1991; 12: 387–392.Google ScholarPubMed
32.Thiessen, B, Munoz, D, Rajput, AH, Desai, H. Substantia nigra neuronal counts in normal rural and urban population (abst). Neurology 1988; 38 (Suppl 1): 348.Google Scholar
33.Tanner, CM, Chen, B, Peng, M, et al. Environmental factors and Parkinson’s disease: a case-control study in China. Neurology 1989; 39: 660–664.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34.Hubble, JP, Cao, T, Hassanein, RES, Neuberger, JS, Koller, WC. Risk factors for Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 1693–1697.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
35.Semchuk, KM, Love, EJ, Lee, RG. Parkinson’s disease and exposure to rural environmental factors: a population based case-control study. Can J Neurol Sci 1991; 18: 279–286.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Semchuk, KM, Love, EJ, Lee, RG. Parkinson’s disease and exposure to agricultural work and pesticide chemicals. Neurology 1992; 42: 1328–1335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Semchuk, KM, Love, EJ, Lee, RG. Parkinson’s disease: a test of the multifactorial etiologic hypothesis. Neurology 1993; 43: 1173–1180.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
38.Seidler, A, Hellenbrand, W, Robra, BP, et al. Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson’s disease: a case-control study in Germany. Neurology 1996; 46: 1275–1284.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Bennet, V, Rajput, AH, Uitti, RJ. An epidemiological survey of agricultural chemicals and incidence of Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 1988; 38 (Suppl 1): 349.Google Scholar
40.Golbe, LI, Farrell, TM, Davis, PH. Case-control study of early life dietary factors in Parkinson’s disease. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 1350–1353.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Doty, RL, Singh, A, Tetrud, J, Langston, JW. Lack of major olfactory dysfunction in MPTP-induced Parkinsonism. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 97–100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Goldsmith, JR, Herishanu, YO, Podgaietski, M, Kordysh, E. Dynamics of parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease in residents of adjacent kibbutzim in Israel’s Negev. Environm Research 1997; 73: 156–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed