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Canadian Association of Neurosciences Review: The Role of Dopamine Receptor Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2014

Manon Lebel ,
Pierre Robinson  and
Michel Cyr
Manon Lebel
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
Pierre Robinson
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
Michel Cyr
Affiliation:
Neuroscience Research Group, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada
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Abstract

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Dopamine (DA) receptors, which are heavily expressed in the caudate/putamen of the brain, represent the molecular target of several drugs used in the treatment of various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease. Although most of the drugs are very effective in alleviating the symptoms associated with these conditions, their long-term utilization could lead to the development of severe side-effects. In addition to uncovering novel mediators of physiological DA receptor functions, recent research advances are suggesting a role of these receptors in toxic effects on neurons. For instance, accumulating evidence indicates that DA receptors, particularly D1 receptors, are central in the neuronal toxicity induced by elevated synaptic levels of DA. In this review, we will discuss recent findings on DA receptors as regulators of long term neuronal dysfunction and neurodegenerative processes.

Résumé:

RÉSUMÉ:

Les récepteurs dopaminergiques, exprimés notamment dans les noyaux caudé et putamen du cerveau, sont la cible pharmacologique de plusieurs médicaments employés dans le traitement de maladies neurologiques telle que la maladie de Parkinson. Bien que ces médicaments soient efficaces pour renverser les symptômes cliniques de la maladie, ils sont associés au développement d'effets secondaires incommodants majeurs lorsque utilisés à long terme. L'avancement de la recherche sur la fonction des récepteurs dopaminergiques a mis en lumière plusieurs nouvelles voies de signalisation, dont certaines sont reconnues pour initier la neurodégénérescence. Ainsi, des études récentes ont démontré l'implication des récepteurs dopaminergiques D1 dans la toxicité induite par des niveaux synaptiques élevés de dopamine. Cet article a pour but d'exposer le rôle potentiel d'un dérèglement de la signalisation des récepteurs dopaminergiques dans l'apparition de dysfonctions neuronales, voire même la neurodégénérescence.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 34 , Issue 1 , February 2007 , pp. 18 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2007

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