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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 November 2018
How many of the continuous maps of a simple closed curve to itself are slope-preserving? For the unit circle S1 with centre (0, 0), a continuous map σ of S1 to S1 is slope-preserving if and only if σ is the identity map [σ(x, y) = (x, y)] or σ is the antipodal map [σ(x, y) = (–x, –y)]. Besides the identity map, more general simple closed curves can also possess an “antipodal” map (cf. Figure 1).