Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T06:13:49.708Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Individual variation in English flaps and taps: A case of categorical phonetics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

Donald Derrick  and
Bryan Gick
Donald Derrick
Affiliation:
University of Western Sydney and University of Canterbury
Bryan Gick
Affiliation:
Simon Fraser University and Haskins Laboratories
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstarct

This article questions the view that phonetics governs exclusively gradient phenomena. Experimental data from an ultrasound study of English flap allophones show unconditioned categorical variation in the production of everyday words. Individual variation is discussed as an essential area of empirical investigation in uncovering emergent categorical properties of language.

Résumé

Résumé

Cet article remet en question l'idée selon laquelle la phonétique gouverne des phénomènes exclusivement gradients. Des données expérimentales d'une étude ultrasonique d'allophones à consonnes vibrantes en anglais montrent une variation catégorique inconditionnée dans la production de mots courants. La variation individuelle est présentée comme un domaine d'investigation empirique essentiel pour découvrir les propriétés catégoriques émergentes du langage.

Keywords

individual variationunconditioned categoricality in phoneticsspeech productionflapsultrasoundvariation individuellecatégoralité non conditionnée en phonétiqueproduction de discoursconsonnes vibrantesultrason
Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , November 2011 , pp. 307 - 319
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Browman, C. and Goldstein, L.. 1992. Articulatory phonology: An overview. Phonetica 49: 150–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chitoran, I. and Cohn, A.. 2009. Complexity in phonetics: Phonology, gradience, categoriality, and naturalness. In Approaches to phonological complexity, phonology and phonetics series, ed. Pellegrino, F., Marsico, E., Chitoran, I. and Coupé, C., 21–46. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyer.Google Scholar
Cohn, A. 2006. Is there gradient phonology? In Gradience in grammar: Generative perspectives, ed. Faneslow, G., Fery, C., Vogel, R., and Schlesewsky, M., 25–44. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Derrick, D. 2011. Kinematic patterning of flaps, taps and rhotics in English. Doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia.Google Scholar
Delattre, P. and Freeman, D.. 1968. A dialect study of American R’s by x-ray motion picture. Linguistics 44:29–68.Google Scholar
De Jong, K. 1998. Stress-related variation in the articulation of coda alveolar stops: Flapping revisited. Journal of Phonetics 26:283–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flemming, E. 2001. Scalar and categorical phenomena in a unified model of phonetics and phonology. Phonology 1:7–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folkins, J.W. and Abbs, J.H.. 1975. Lips and jaw motor control during speech: Responses to resistive loading of the jaw. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 18:207–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gick, B. and Wilson, I.. 2006. Excrescent schwa and vowel laxing: Cross-linguistic responses to conflicting articulatory targets. In Laboratory phonology 8, ed. Goldstein, L.D., Whalen, H., and Best, C.T., 635–659. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagiwara, R. 1995. Acoustic Realizations of American R as produced by women and men. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Hockett, C. 1955. A manual of phonology, Vol. 11. Baltimore: Indiana University Publications in Anthropology and Linguistics.Google Scholar
Ingram, J. and Laughren, M.. 2000. The stop-flap contrast in Western Warlpiri. In Proceedings of the 1999 Conference of the Australian Linguistic Society, ed. Henderson, J., 1–23. Perth: Australian Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Kelkar, A.R. 1968. Studies in Hindi-Urdu, vol. 1: Introduction and word phonology. Poona: Postgraduate and Research Institute, Deccan College.Google Scholar
Kristofferson, G. 2007. The phonology of Norwegian. Oxford: Oxford University Press Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. 1968. A phonetic study of West African languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, P. and Maddieson, I.. 1996. The sounds of the world’s languages. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Maddieson, I. 1984. Patterns of sounds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mastica, C. 1991. The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. 2004. Evaluation Report MHRA 03107.Google Scholar
Mielke, J., Baker, A., and Archangeli, D.. 2010. Variability and homogeneity in American English /I/ allophony and /s/ retraction. In Laboratory phonology 10 (Phonology and phonetics 4-4), ed. Fougeron, C., Kühnert, B., d’Imperio, M., and Vallée, N., 699–730. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mithun, M. 2001. Who shapes the record: The speaker and the linguist. In Linguisticfieldwork: Essays on the practice of empirical linguistic research, ed. Newman, P. and Ratliff, M., 34–54. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Miyawaki, K., Strange, W., Verbrugge, R., Liberman, A.M., and Jenkins, J.J.. 1975. An effect of linguistic experience: The discrimination of [r] and [1] by native speakers of Japanese and English. Perception and Psychophysics 18:331–340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monnot, M. and Freeman, M.. 1972. A comparison of Spanish single-tap R with American /t/ and /d/ in post-stress intervocalic position. In Papers in linguistics to the memory of Pierre Delattre, ed. Valdman, A., 409–416. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierrehumbert, J. 2001. Exemplar dynamics: Word frequency, lenition and contrast. In Frequency effects and emergent grammar, ed. Bybee, J. and Hopper, P., 137–157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Shakle, C. 2003. Panjabi. In The Indo-Aryan languages, ed. Cardona, G. and Dhanesh, J.. 581–621. Oston, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Twist, A., Baker, A., Mielke, J., and Archangeli, D.. 2007. Are ‘covert’ M allophones really indistinguishable? Selected Papers from NWAV 35, University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 13:207–216.Google Scholar
Umeda, N. 1976. Consonant duration in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 61:846–858.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westbury, J.R., Hashi, M., and Lindstrom, J.M.. 1999. Differences among speakers in lingual articulation for American English /I/. Speech Communication 26:203–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, S.A.J. 1996. Assimilation or coarticulation? Evidence from the temporal coordination of tongue gestures for the palatalization of Bulgarian alveolar stops. Journal of Phonetics 24:139–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, X., Espy-Wilson, Y.C., Boyce, S., Tiede, M., Holland, C., and Choe, A.. 2008. A magnetic resonance imaging-based articulatory and acoustic study of “retroflex” and “bunched” American English /r/. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123:4466–4481 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zue, V.W. and Laferriere, M.. 1979. Acoustic study of medial /t, d/ in American English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 66:1039–1050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar