Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T09:40:52.809Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Développement de la parole et émergence de la structure prosodique chez l’enfant : une étude de l’accent d’emphase en français

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

Lucie Ménard  and
Mélanie Thibeault
Lucie Ménard
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Montréal
Mélanie Thibeault
Affiliation:
Université du Québec à Montréal
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article presents the results of a study on articulatory and acoustical correlates of contrastive focus in French in five children aged 4 and 5 and five adults. The speakers repeated the sequence [baba] in two prosodic contexts: neutral conditions and contrastive focus. The acoustic signal and the trajectories of three sensors placed on the subjects’ upper lip, lower lip, and chin were recorded using an Optotrak system. Articulatory movements were analyzed for the two syllables in the sequence, in each of the two prosodic conditions. Formant measurements, sound intensity, fundamental frequency, and acoustic duration of the segments were also extracted from the acoustic signal. The results show that the effects of contrastive focus are smaller in the children than the adult speakers. The results are interpreted in light of recent theories on the emergence of spoken language in children.

Résumé

Résumé

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur les corrélats articulatoires et acoustiques de l’accent d’emphase en français chez cinq enfants âgés de 4 et 5 ans et cinq adultes. Les locuteurs avaient pour tâche de répéter la séquence [baba] dans deux contextes prosodiques : en condition neutre et sous emphase contrastive. Le signal acoustique et les trajectoires de trois senseurs posés sur la lèvre supérieure, la lèvre inférieure et le menton des sujets ont été enregistrés à l’aide d’un système Optotrak. Les déplacements des articulateurs ont été analysés pour les deux syllabes de la séquence, dans chacune des deux conditions prosodiques. Les mesures formantiques, l’intensité sonore, la fréquence fondamentale et la durée acoustique des segments ont également été extraites du signal acoustique. Les résultats montrent que les effets de l’emphase contrastive sont moins grands chez ces locuteurs enfants par rapport aux locuteurs adultes. Les résultats sont interprétés à la lumière des théories récentes sur l’émergence de la parole chez l’enfant.

Type
Articles
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 54 , Issue 1 , March 2009 , pp. 117 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association/Association canadienne de linguistique 2009 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Allen, G.D. et Hawkins, S.. 1980. Phonological rhythm : Definition and development. In Child Phonology, vol. 1 : Production, sous la dir. Yeni-Komshian, de Grace H., Kavanagh, James F. et Ferguson, Charles A., 227–256. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary E. 1986. Stress and non-stress accent. Dordrecht: Foris.Google Scholar
Beckman, Mary E., Edwards, Jan et Fletcher, Janet. 1992. Prosodic structure and tempo in a sonority model of articulatory dynamics. In Papers in Laboratory Phonology II : Segment, Gesture, Prosody, sous la dir. de Docherty, Gerard J. et Ladd, D. Robert, 68–86. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2002. The effects of prosody on articulation in English. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Cho, Taehong. 2005. Prosodic strengthening and featural enhancement : Evidence from acoustic and articulatory realizations of /a, i/ in English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117:3867–3878.Google Scholar
Connaghan, Kathryn P., Moore, Christopher A., Reilly, K.J., Almand, K.B. et Steeve, R.W.. 2001. Acoustic and physiologic correlates of stress production across systems. Affiche presentée à l’American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Convention, Nouvelle-Orléans, LA.Google Scholar
De Jong, Kenneth J. 1995. The supraglottal articulation of prominence in English : Linguistic stress as localized hyperarticulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97:491–504.10.1121/1.412275Google Scholar
Di Cristo, Albert. 1998. Intonation in French. In Intonation systems : A survey of twenty languages, sous la dir. de Hirst, Daniel et Cristo, Albert Di, 195–218. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Dunn, Lloyd M., Thériault-Whalen, Claudia M. et Dunn, Leota M.. 1993. Échelle de vocabulaire en images Peabody (EVIP). Adaptation française du Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Revised. Toronto: Psycan.Google Scholar
Erickson, Donna. 1998. Effects of contrastive emphasis on jaw opening. Phonetica 55:147–169.Google Scholar
Erickson, Donna. 2002. Articulation of extreme formant patterns for emphasized vowels. Phonetica 59:134–149.Google Scholar
Esling, John H. 2005. There are no back vowels : The laryngeal articulator model. Revue canadienne de linguistique 50:13–44.Google Scholar
Esling, John H., Benner, Allison, Bettany, Lisa et Zeroual, Chakir. 2004. Le contrôle articulatoire phonétique dans le prébabillage. In Actes des XXVes Journées d’Étude sur la Parole, sous la dir. de Bel, Bernard et Marlien, Isabelle, 205–208. Fez, Maroc: Association Francophone de la Communication Parlée.Google Scholar
Fitch, W. Tecumseh. 2002. Comparative vocal production and the evolution of speech: Reinterpreting the descent of the larynx. In The transition to language, sous la dir. Wray, de Alison, 21–45. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Goffmann, Lisa. 1999. Prosodic influences on speech production in children with specific language impairments and speech deficits. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42:1499–1517.10.1044/jslhr.4206.1499Google Scholar
Goffman, Lisa. 2004. Kinematic differentiation of Prosodic categories in normal and disordered language development. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 47:1088–1102.10.1044/1092-4388(2004/081)Google Scholar
Goffman, Lisa et Malin, Caren. 1999. Metrical effects on speech movements in children and adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42:1003–1015.10.1044/jslhr.4204.1003Google Scholar
Green, Jordan R., Moore, Christopher A., Higashikawa, Masahiko et Steeve, Roger W.. 2000. The physiologic development of speech motor control: Lip and jaw coordination. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 43:239–255.Google Scholar
Green, Jordan R., Moore, Christopher A. et Reilly, Kevin J.. 2002. The sequential development of lip and jaw control for speech. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 45:66–79.Google Scholar
Hornby, Peter A. et Hass, Wibur A. 1970. Use of contrastive stress by preschool children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 13:395–399.Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah et Fougeron, Cécile. 2000. A phonological model of French intonation. In Intonation: Analysis, modelling and technology, sous la dir. Botinis, de Antonis, 209–242. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Jun, Sun-Ah et Fougeron, Cécile. 2002. Realizations of accentual phrase in French intonation. Probus 14:147–172.10.1515/prbs.2002.002Google Scholar
Kehoe, Margaret, Stoel-Gammon, Carol et Buder, Eugene H.. 1995. Acoustic correlates of stress in young children’s speech. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 38:338–350.Google Scholar
Konopczynski, Gabrielle. 1986. Du prélangage au langage: acquisition de la structuration prosodique. Thèse de doctorat, Université de Strasbourg II.Google Scholar
Lacheret-Dujour, Anne et Beaugendre, Frédéric. 1999. La Prosodic du français. Paris: CNRS Langage.Google Scholar
Lœvenbruck, Hélène. 1999. An investigation of articulatory correlates of the accentual phrase in French. In Proceedings of the XlVth International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, sous la dir. Ohala, de John J., Hasegawa, Yoko, Ohala, Manjari, Granville, Daniel et Bailey, Ashlee C., 667–670. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
MacNeilage, Peter F. 1998. The frame/content theory of evolution of speech production. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21:499–511.Google Scholar
Max, Ludo et Onghena, Patrick. 1999. Some issues in the statistical analysis of completely randomized and repeated measures designs for speech, language, and hearing research. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42:261–270.Google Scholar
Ménard, Lucìe et Boë, Louis-Jean. 2004. L’émergence du système phonologique chez l’enfant: l’apport de la modélisation articulatoire. Revue canadienne de linguistique 49:155–174.Google Scholar
Ménard, Lucie, Lœvenbruck, Hélène et Savariaux, Christophe. 2006. Articulatory and acoustic correlates of contrastive focus in French children and adults. In Speech production: Models, phonetic processes and techniques, sous la dir. de Harrington, Johnathan et Tabain, Manja, 227–251. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Ruark, Jacki L. et Moore, Christopher A.. 1997. Coordination of lip muscle activity by 2-year-old children during speech and nonspeech tasks. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 40:1373–1385.10.1044/jslhr.4006.1373Google Scholar
Smith, Anne et Goffman, Lisa. 1998. Stability and patterning of speech movement sequences in children and adults. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 41:18–30.Google Scholar
Touati, Paul. 1987. Structures prosodiques du suédois et du français: profils temporels et configurations tonales. Travaux de l’institut de Linguistique de Lund 21. Lund, Suède: Lund University Press.Google Scholar
Vihman, Marilyn May. 1996. Phonological development: The origins of language in the child. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Vihman, Marilyn May, Nakai, Satsuki et DePaolis, Rory. 2006. Getting the rhythm right: A cross-linguistic study of segmental duration in babbling and first words. Laboratory phonology 8, sous la dir. Goldstein, de Louis, Whalen, D.H. et Best, Catherine T., 341–366. New York: Mouton de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110197211.2.341Google Scholar
Vihman, Marilyn May, DePaolis, Rory A. et Davis, Barbara L.. 1998. Is there a “trochaic bias” in early word learning? Evidence from infant production in English and French. Child Development 69:933–949.Google Scholar