Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:44:16.282Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

‘Sliding’ in English dialects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2016

J. Lawrence Mitchell
J. Lawrence Mitchell*
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Although variants of the form [fri] and [bof] for standard [θri] ‘three’ and [boθ] ‘both’ are well attested in dialects as divergent as Cockney (Sivertsen 1960) and Black English Vernacular (Wolfram and Fasold 1974), there has been no attempt, to my knowledge, to treat these “substitutions” (a term with which they are frequently dismissed) as anything but isolated phenomena. Wyld (1936) and Dobson (1957), who are among the most respected authorities on English phonology, both specifically identify the [θ]/[f] alternation as an “isolative change.

Type
Research Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique , Volume 24 , Issue 1 , Spring 1979 , pp. 7 - 24
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Linguistic Association 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, Harold B. (1976) Linguistic Atlas of the Upper Midwest, Volume III (Pronunciation). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Atkinson, The Rev. J. C. (1868) A Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect. London: John Russell Smith.Google Scholar
Badia Margarit, Antonio (1951) Gramática Histórica Catalana. Barcelona: Editorial Noguer, S.A. Google Scholar
Brockett, John Trotter (1825) A Glossary of North Country Words. Newcastle Upon Tyne: T. and J. Hodgson.Google Scholar
Carterette, Edward, and Jones, Margaret H. (1974) Informal Speech. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Cooley, Marianne (1976) “Morphological conditioning in the loss of /x/” Journal of English Linguistics 10.Google Scholar
Dobson, E. J. (1957) English Pronunciation 1500-1700, Volumes I and II. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Foley, James (1970) “Phonological distinctive features,” Folia Linguistica 4:87–92.Google Scholar
Foley, James (Undated manuscript) “Systematic morpho-phonology”.Google Scholar
Gimson, A. C. (1962) An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English. London: Edward Arnold Ltd.Google Scholar
Haigh, Walter E. (1928) A New Glossary of the Dialect of the Huddersfield District. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hasegawa, K. (1963) “On Middle English [ux] → /f/ and other related changes: corroboratory for an interpretation of Middle English ‘long vowels.’” Hitotsubashi Journal of Arts and Sciences 3:14–22.Google Scholar
Hyman, Larry M. (1975) Phonology: Theory and Analysis. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman (1968) Child Language, Aphasia and Phonological Universals. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Jones, Daniel (1928) An English Pronouncing Dictionary. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Jones, Daniel (1949) An English Pronouncing Dictionary. London: J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Jordon, Richard (1925) Handbuch der mittelenglischen Grammatik, translated and revised by Crook, E. J. (1974) as Handbook of Middle English Grammar. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Kenyon, John S., and Knott, Thomas A. (1944) A Pronouncing Dictionary of American English. Springfield, Mass: G & C Merriam Company.Google Scholar
Kenyon, John S. (1946) American Pronunciation. Ann Arbor: George Wahr.Google Scholar
Krapp, George P. (1925) The English Language in America, Vol. II. New York.Google Scholar
Ladefoged, Peter (1975) A Course in Phonetics. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich, Inc.Google Scholar
Lass, Roger (1971) “Boundaries as obstruents: Old English voicing assimilation and universal strength hierarchies,” Journal of Linguistics, 7:15–29.Google Scholar
McLaughlin, John C. (1970) Aspects of the History of English. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
McNeill, David (1970) The Acquisition of Language. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Moskowitz, Arlene (1970) “The two-year-old stage in the acquisition of English phonology,” in Studies of Child Language Development, Ferguson, and Slobin, , eds. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Google Scholar
Onions, C. T. (1966) The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Orbeck, Anders (1927) Early New England Pronunciation. Ann Arbor: George Wahr.Google Scholar
Orton, Harold (1962-1971) Survey of English Dialects. (Basic Materials, 4 vols.) E. J. Arnold & Son, Ltd.Google Scholar
Pyles, Thomas (1970) The Origins and Development of the English Language. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich.Google Scholar
Samuels, M. L. (1972) Linguistic Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schane, Sanford A. (1973) Generative Phonology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.Google Scholar
Sheridan, Thomas (1780) A General Dictionary of the English Language, London. English Linguistics 1500-1800 Collection of Facsimiles and Reprints, ed. Alston, R. C. Menston, Yorks, 1969.Google Scholar
Skeat, W. W. (1910) Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Skousen, Royal (1972) “Consonant alternation in Fula” Studies in African Linguistics, 3:77–96.Google Scholar
Stockwell, Robert P., and Macaulay, R. K. S., eds. (1972) Linguistic Change and Generative Theory. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Strang, Barbara M. H. (1970) A History of English. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.Google Scholar
Sweet, Henry (1900) A New English Grammar, Logical and Historical, Part I. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Sivertsen, Eva (1960) Cockney Phonology. Oslo: Oslo University Press.Google Scholar
Vachek, Josef (1964) “On peripheral phonemes of Modern English” in Brno Studies in English, Vol. 4, 7–110.Google Scholar
Velten, H. V. (1943) “The growth of phonemic and lexical patterns in infant language.” Language 19: 281–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vennemann, Theo (1972) “Sound change and markedness theory: on the history of the German consonant system,” in Stockwell, and Macaulay, , 230–74.Google Scholar
Wakelin, M. F., and Barry, M. V. (1968) “The voicing of initial fricative consonants in present-day dialectal English” LSE, N.S. ii 47–64.Google Scholar
Walker, John (1791) A Critical Pronouncing Dictionary and Exposition of the English Language. London.Google Scholar
Wilson, James Sir (1915) Lowland Scotch. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, James Sir (1926) The Dialects of Central Scotland. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wolfram, Walt, and Fasold, Ralph W. (1974) Social Dialects in American English. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph (1905) The English Dialect Grammar. Oxford: Henry Frowde.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph, and Wright, Elizabeth (1924) An Elementary Historical New English Grammar. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wright, Joseph, and Wright, Elizabeth (1928) An Elementary Middle English Grammar. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wyld, H. C. (1927) A Short History of English. London: John Murray.Google Scholar
Wyld, H. C. (1936) A History of Modern Colloquial English. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
Zwicky, Arnold (1969) “Note on a phonological hierarchy in English,” in Stockwell, and Macaulay, .Google Scholar