² Lee Maracle, “Indigenous in the City,” Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 8th Fire: Aboriginal People, Canada and the Way Forward (2013), http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/8thfire/index.html.

³ Fanon, Frantz, The Wretched of the Earth, trans. Farrington, Constance (New York: Grove Press, 1963).Google Scholar

⁴ Although “reconciliation is not often considered a legal concept,” Walters maintains, it is nevertheless an “aspect of legality.” Walters, Mark D., “The Jurisprudence of Reconciliation: Aboriginal Rights in Canada,” in The Politics of Reconciliation in Multicultural Societies, eds. Kymlicka, Will and Bashir, Bashir (London: Oxford University Press, 2008), 165.Google Scholar

⁵ Truth and Reconciliation Commision of Canada, Our Mandate: Introduction, http://www.trc.ca/websites/ trcinstitution/index.php?p=7.

⁶ National Gallery of Canada, Sakahàn: International Indigenous Art, http://www.gallery.ca/en/ about/1372.php.

⁷ Relying on Michel Foucault’s theorization of power and Michel deCerteau’s “practices of everyday life,” Ewick and Silbey develop the concept of legality in order to capture the everyday, mundane, and routine practices that constitute law. Ewick, Patricia and Silbey, Susan, The Common Place of Law: Stories from Everyday Life (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 22–23.Google Scholar

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⁹ CBC, 8th Fire.

¹⁰ The Alberta Association of Services for Children and Families (AASCF), Aboriginal OBSD Resources, http://www.aascf.com/component/option,com_docman/Itemid,133/gid,667/task,cat_view/?cat_order=name&cat_order2=ASC.

¹¹ Bruce DeMara, “CBC Series 8th Fire Aims to Dispel Native Stereotypes,” Toronto Star, January 17, 2012, http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/2012/01/17/cbc_series_8th_fire_aims_to_dispel_native_stereotypes.html.

¹² Bob Goulais, “CBC’s 8th Fire Has It Right,” Anishinaabe Blog, January 27, 2012, http://www.anishinaabe.ca/bgc/index.php/tag/stereotypes/.

¹³ Brian D. Johnson, “Introducing the Canadian Screen Awards, and Their 2013 Nominees,” Macleans, January 15, 2013, http://www2.macleans.ca/2013/01/15/introducing-the-canadian-screen-awards-and-their-2013-nominees/.

¹⁴ Jarrett Martineau, “Micro-Review: 8th Fire—CBC Doc Zone,” feministfilm, June 6, 2013, http://feministfilm.tumblr.com/post/17101017996/becoming-wave-culturite-micro-review-8th.

¹⁵ Canadian Federation of Medical Students, “Aboriginal Health,” http://www.cfms.org/index.php/global-health/projects/aboriginal-health.html.

¹⁶ Ibid.; AASCF, Aboriginal OBSD Resources; Brenda Boreham and Terri Mack, “National Aboriginal Day,” Canadian Teacher Magazine (May/June 2013), http://www.canadianteachermagazine.com/ctm_first_nations_education/may13-national-aboriginal-day.shtml; First Nations Child and Caring Family Society of Canada/University of Alberta, “First Nations Children’s Action Research and Education Service,” http://www.extension.ualberta.ca/research/institutes-and-centres/fncares/; Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation (OSSTF), Full Circle: First Nations, Métis, and Inuit Ways of Knowing (Toronto, ON: OSSTF/FEESO, 2012); Vancouver Island University, “Supporting Aboriginal Higher Learners,” http://www.viu.ca/aboriginal/higher-learners/.

¹⁷ Oxford English Dictionary Online, “reparation, n.,” http://www.oed.com.ezproxy.library.yorku.ca/viewdictionaryentry/Entry/162653.

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¹⁹ Ibid.

²⁰ UN General Assembly, Resolution A/60/147, “Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law,” December 16, 2005, http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/ga_60-147/ga_60-147.html.

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²⁵ Ibid., 568.

²⁶ Ibid., 568.

²⁷ Eng argues that Antigone symbolizes “both gender and kinship trouble” in her refusal to follow the king’s command not to mourn the death of her brother Polyneices (because he is viewed as a traitor to the king, the law forbids the mourning of his death). Ibid., 563.

²⁸ Ibid., 576

²⁹ Ibid., 565.

³⁰ Ibid., 562.

³¹ Emphasis in original. Ibid., 565.

³² Emphasis in original. Ibid.

³³ Ibid., 564.

³⁴ Melanie Klein, Love, Guilt and Reparation, cited in Eng, “Reparations and the Human,” 578.

³⁵ Eng, “Reparations and the Human,” 579.

³⁶ Ibid., 581.

³⁷ Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth.

³⁸ Kawash, Samira, “Terrorists and Vampires: Fanon’s Spectral Violence and Decolonization,” in Frantz Fanon: Critical Perspectives, ed. Alessandrini, Anthony C. (London and New York: Routledge, 1999), 241.Google Scholar

³⁹ In a 1961 speech in Havana, Che Guevara is said to have proclaimed: “Individualism must disappear.” See Anderson, Jon Lee, Che: A Revolutionary Life (New York: Grove Press, 1997), 456–92.Google Scholar Other scholars have reflected representations of the phrase in Palestinian art. See Ankori, Gannit, Palestinian Art (London: Reaktion Books, 2006), 56.Google ScholarSee also Dionne Brand, In Another Place Not Here (Toronto: Vintage Canada, 1996).

⁴⁰ Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, 471.

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⁴⁴ Leslie Varley, Aboriginal Health, Provincial Health Services Authority of British Columbia, in CBC, “Indigenous in the City,” 8th Fire.

⁴⁵ Ibid.

⁴⁶ Berry, Brewton, “The Myth of the Vanishing Indian,” Phlylon 21, no. 1 (1960): 51–57Google Scholar; Deloria, Philip, Playing Indian (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998).Google Scholar

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⁵¹ The narration describes Monkman’s work in this manner.

⁵² CBC, “Indigenous in the City,” 8th Fire.

⁵³ Spivak, Gayatri, “Can the Subaltern Speak?,” in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, eds. Nelson, Cary and Grossberg, Lawrence (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1988), 271–313.Google Scholar

⁵⁴ CBC, “Whose Land Is It Anyway?,” 8th Fire.

⁵⁵ Ibid.

⁵⁶ Ibid.

⁵⁷ Ibid.

⁵⁸ Ibid.

⁵⁹ Cowlishaw, Gillian, The City’s Outback (Sydney: University of South Wales Press, 2009), 213.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Irene Watson, “Buried Alive,” Law and Critique 13 (2002): 265.

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⁶⁶ Eng, “Reparations and the Human,” 580.

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⁷¹ Russell Diabo, “Canada: Prime Minister Harper Launches First Nations ‘Termination Plan,’” Intercontinental Cry Magazine, November 9, 2012, http://intercontinentalcry.org/harper-launches-major-first-nations-termination-plan-as-negotiating-tables-legitimize-canadas-colonialism/.

⁷² Ibid. These measures are consistent with the significant Statement of the Government of Canada on Indian Policy (The White Paper) (Government of Canada, 1969), http://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/eng/1100100010189/1100100010191.