Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T21:24:13.523Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Les justifications empiriques de la compensation financière après divorce

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 September 2016

Bertrand Garbinti
Affiliation:
CREST*Banque de [email protected]
Bruno Jeandidier
Affiliation:
BETA, UMR CNRS 7522, Université de [email protected]
Helen Lim
Affiliation:
BETA, UMR CNRS 7522, Université de [email protected]

Abstract

This article consists of a wide-ranging review of the international empirical literature, the aim being to show the extent to which there is an empirical (statistical) basis for payment of a compensatory allowance between former spouses after divorce. Two factors are primarily examined in light of that literature: first, the fact that the allowance is conditional on inequality between the standards of living enjoyed by the former spouses at the time of the divorce, and second, the fact that regard can be had to the previous occupational choices of the former spouses in calculating the allowance. Our analysis shows that while the empirical literature is in relatively broad agreement on the question of inequality in the standard of living, the empirical justification for the connection between compensation and previous occupational choices, on the other hand, is considerably less widely recognized.

Résumé

Cet article consiste en une vaste revue de la littérature empirique internationale avec pour finalité de montrer dans quelle mesure l’existence d’une prestation compensatoire entre ex-époux lors d’un divorce trouve une assise empirique (statistique). Ce sont principalement deux dimensions qui sont ainsi mises en regard de cette littérature : premièrement, le fait que la compensation soit soumise à une condition d’inégalité de niveau de vie entre ex-époux constatée au moment du divorce et, deuxièmement, le fait que le calcul de la prestation puisse se faire notamment au regard des choix professionnels antérieurs des ex-époux. Notre analyse montre que si la littérature empirique s’accorde positivement assez largement sur la question de l’inégalité de niveau de vie, en revanche la justification empirique du lien entre compensation et choix professionnels antérieurs est nettement moins avérée.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Canadian Law and Society Association / Association Canadienne Droit et Société 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Références

Aassve, A., Betti, G., Mazzuco, S. et Mencarini, L.. 2007. Marital disruption and economic well-being: a comparative analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 170 (3): 781–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahituv, A., et Lerman, R. I.. 2007. How do marital status, labor supply and wage rates interact? Demography 44 (3): 623–47.Google Scholar
Ananat, E. O., et Michaels, G.. 2008. The effect of marital breakup on the income distribution of women with children. Journal of Human Resources 43 (3): 611–29.Google Scholar
Anderson, D. J., Binder, M. et Krause, K.. 2003. The motherhood wage penalty revisited: Experience, heterogeneity, work effort and work-schedule flexibility. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 56: 273–94.Google Scholar
Andreβ, H. J., Borgloh, B., Bröckel, M., Giesselmann, M. et Hummelsheim, D.. 2006. The economic consequences of partnership dissolution. A comparative analysis of panel studies from Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and Sweden. European Sociological Review 22 (5): 533–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonovics, K., et Town, R.. 2004. Are all the good men married? Uncovering the sources of the marital wage premium. American Economic Review 94 (2): 317–21.Google Scholar
Ashwin, S., et Isupova, O.. 2014. Behind every great man: The male marriage wage premium examined qualitatively. Journal of Marriage and Family 76: 3755.Google Scholar
Avellar, S., et Smock, P. J.. 2003. Has the price of motherhood declined over time? Across cohort comparison of the motherhood wage penalty. Journal of Marriage and Family 65: 597607.Google Scholar
Bardasi, E., et Taylor, M.. 2008. Marriage and wages: A test of the specialization. Economica 75 (299): 569–91.Google Scholar
Barg, K., et Beblo, M. S.. 2009. Does marriage pay more than cohabitation? Journal of Economic Studies 36 (6): 552–70.Google Scholar
Beblo, M., Bender, S. et Wolf, E.. 2009. Establishment-level wage effects of entering motherhood. Oxford Economic Papers 61 (suppl. 1): i11i34.Google Scholar
Bedard, K., et Deschênes, O.. 2005. Sex preferences, marital dissolution, and the economic status of women. Journal of Human Resources 40 (2), pp 411–34.Google Scholar
Bellas, M. 1992. The effects of marital status and wives’ employment on the salaries of faculty men: The (house) wife bonus. Gender and Society 6: 609–22.Google Scholar
Bianchi, S. 2000. Maternal employment and time with children: Dramatic change or surprising continuity? Demography 37 (4): 401–14.Google Scholar
Bianchi, S., Subaiya, M. L. et Kahn, J. R.. 1999. The gender gap in the economic wellbeing of nonresident fathers and custodial mothers. Demography 36 (2): 195203.Google Scholar
Blackburn, Mc., et Korenman, S.. 1994. The declining marital-status earnings differential. Journal of Population Economics 7 (3): 249–70.Google Scholar
Blau, F. D., et Beller, A. H.. 1988. Trends in earnings differentials by gender, 1971-1981. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 41 (4): 513–29.Google Scholar
Bourreau-Dubois, C., et Doriat-Duban, M.. 2011. Analyse économique de la prestation compensatoire : entre logique redistributive et logique réparatrice, Economie publique 26-27: 193218.Google Scholar
Bratberg, E., et Tjøtta, S.. 2008. Income effects of divorce in families with dependent children. Journal of Population Economics 21 (2): 439–61.Google Scholar
Budig, M., et England, P.. 2001. The wage penalty for motherhood. American Sociological Review 66: 204–25.Google Scholar
Buhmann, B., Rainwater, L., Schmaus, G. et Smeeding, T. M.. 1988. Equivalence scales, well-being, inequality, and poverty: Sensitivity estimates across ten countries using the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) Database. Review of Income and Wealth 34 (2): 115–42.Google Scholar
Burkhauser, R., Duncan, G., Hauser, R. et Berntsen, R. 1991. Wife or frau, women do worse: A comparison of men and women in the United States and Germany after marital dissolution. Demography 28 (3): 353–60.Google Scholar
Chun, H., et Lee, I.. 2001. Why do married men earn more: Productivity or marriage selection? Economic Inquiry 39 (2): 307–19.Google Scholar
Cohen, P. 2002. Cohabitation and the declining marriage premium for men. Work and Occupations 29: 346–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Y., et Haberfeld, Y.. 1991. Why do married men earn more than unmarried men? Social Science Research 20: 2944.Google Scholar
Comité Consultatif sur le Droit de la Famille. 2015. Pour un droit de la famille adapté aux nouvelles réalités conjugales et familiales, rapport rédigé sous la présidence d’Alain Roy pour le compte du Ministère de la Justice du Québec, 616 p.Google Scholar
Cornwell, C., et Rupert, P.. 1997. Unobservable individual effects, marriage, and the earnings of young men. Economic Inquiry 35 (2): 285–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Correll, S. J., Benard, S. et Paik, I.. 2007. Getting a job: Is there a motherhood penalty? American Journal of Sociology 112: 12971338.Google Scholar
Coverman, S. 1983. Gender, domestic labor time, and wage inequality. American Sociological Review 48: 623–37.Google Scholar
Craig, L., et Mullan, K.. 2010. Parenthood, gender and work-family time in the United States, Australia, Italy, France, and Denmark. Journal of Marriage and Family 72 (5): 1344–61.Google Scholar
Datta Gupta, N., et Smith, N.. 2002. Children and career interruptions: The family gap in Denmark. Economic, 69 (276): 609–29.Google Scholar
Datta Gupta, N., Smith, N. et Stratton, L. S.. 2007. Is marriage poisonous? Are relationships taxing? An analysis of the male marital wage differential in Denmark. Southern Economic Journal, 74: 412–33.Google Scholar
Dougherty, C. 2006. The marriage earnings premium as a distributed fixed effect. Journal of Human Resources 41: 433–43.Google Scholar
Duncan, G., et Hoffman, S.. 1985. A reconsideration of the economic consequences of marital dissolution. Demography 22 (4): 485–97.Google Scholar
Duvivier, C., et Narcy, M.. 2014. The motherhood wage penalty and its determinants: a public private comparison. Centre d’Etudes de l’Emploi Working Paper, 172.Google Scholar
Finnie, R. 1993. Women, men, and the economic consequences of divorce: Evidence from Canadian longitudinal data. Canadian review of sociology and anthropology 30 (2): 205–41.Google Scholar
Furstenberg, F. J. 1987. The divorce dilemma: After the revolution. Contemporary Sociology 16 (4): 556–58.Google Scholar
Gangl, M., et Ziefle, A.. 2009. Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women’s careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States. Demography 46 (2): 341–69.Google Scholar
Geist, C. 2006. Payoff or Penalty? A comparison of the marriage wage differential for men and women across 15 nations. Luxembourg Income Study Working Paper, 446.Google Scholar
Ginther, D. K., et Zavodny, M.. 2001. Is the male marriage premium due to selection? The effect of shotgun weddings on the return to marriage. Journal of Population Economics 14: 313–28.Google Scholar
Glauber, R. 2007. Marriage and the motherhood wage penalty among African Americans, Hispanics, and Whites. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69: 951961.Google Scholar
Glauber, R. 2008. Race and gender in families and at work: The fatherhood wage premium. Gender & Society 22: 830.Google Scholar
Gorman, E. H. 1999. Bringing home the bacon: Marital allocation of income-earning responsibility, job shifts, and men’s wages. Journal of Marriage and the Family 61: 110–22.Google Scholar
Gray, J. S. 1997. The fall in men’s return to marriage. Declining productivity effects or changing selection? Journal of Human Resources 32 (3): 481504.Google Scholar
Gronau, R. 1988. Sex-related wage differentials and women’s interrupted careers – the chicken or the egg. Journal of Labor Economics 6 (3): 277301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hersch, J. 1991. Male-female differences in hourly wages: The role of human capital, working conditions, and housework. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 44 (4): 746–59.Google Scholar
Hersch, J., et Stratton, L. S.. 2000. Household specialization and the male marriage wage premium. Industrial and Labor relations review 54 (1): 7894.Google Scholar
Hewitt, B., Western, M. et Baxter, J.. 2002. Marriage and money: The impact of marriage on men’s and women’s earnings. Negotiating the Life Course Discussion Paper (University of Queensland) 7, 33 p.Google Scholar
Hill, M. 1979. The wage effects of marital status and children. Journal of Human Resource, 14: 579–94.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodges, M. J., et Budig, M. J.. 2010. Who gets the daddy bonus? Organizational hegemonic masculinity and the impact of fatherhood on earnings. Gender and Society, 24 (6): 717–45.Google Scholar
Hoffman, S. 1977. Marital instability and the economic status of women. Demography 14 (1): 6776.Google Scholar
Hoffman, S. D., et Duncan, G. J.. 1988. What are the economic consequences of divorce? Demography 25 (4): 641–45.Google Scholar
Holden, K., et Smock, P.. 1991. The economic costs of marital dissolution: Why do women bear a disproportionate cost? Annual Review of Sociology 17: 5178.Google Scholar
Hotchkiss, J. L., et Moore, R. E.. 1999. On the evidence of a working spouse penalty in the managerial labor market. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 52 (3): 410–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hundley, G. 2000. Male/female earnings differences in self-employment: The effects of marriage, children, and the household division of labor. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 54 (1): 95114.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, J. P., et Rayack, W. L.. 1996. Do men whose wives work really earn less? American Economic Review 86 (2): 268–73.Google Scholar
Jarvis, S., et Jenkins, S. P.. 1999. Marital splits and income changes: Evidence for Britain. Population Studies 53: 237–54.Google Scholar
Jeandidier, B., et Lim, H.. 2015. Is there justification for alimony payments? A survey of the empirical literature. BETA Working Paper 2015-30, 36 p.Google Scholar
Kalmijn, M., et Alessie, R.. 2008. Life course changes in income: An exploration of age and stage effect in a 15-year panel in the Netherlands. Netspar Panel Papers, 10.Google Scholar
Keene, J. R., et Raynolds, J. R.. 2005. The job costs of family demands – Gender differences in negative family-to-work spillover. Journal of Family Issues 26 (3): 275–99.Google Scholar
Kilbourne, B., England, P. et Beron, K.. 1994. Effects of individual, occupational, and industrial characteristics on earnings: intersections of race and gender. Social Forces 72 (4): 1149–76.Google Scholar
Killewald, A., et Gough, M.. 2013. Does specialization explain marriage penalties and premiums? American Sociological Review 78 (3): 477502.Google Scholar
Korenman, S., et Neumark, D.. 1991. Does marriage really make men more productive?. Journal of Human Resources 26: 282307.Google Scholar
Korenman, S., et Neumark, D.. 1992. Marriage, motherhood, and wages. Journal of Human Resources 27 (2): 233–55.Google Scholar
Krashinsky, H. A. 2004. Do marital status and computer usage really change the wage structure? The Journal of Human Resources 39 (3): 774–91.Google Scholar
Kuhhirt, M., et Ludwig, V.. 2012. Domestic work and the wage penalty for motherhood in West Germany. Journal of Marriage and Family 74: 186200.Google Scholar
Lincoln, A. E. 2008. Gender, productivity, and the marital wage premium. Journal of Marriage and Family 70: 806814.Google Scholar
Loh, E. S. 1996. Productivity differences and the marriage wage premium for white males. Journal of Human Resources 31 (3): 566–89.Google Scholar
Loughran, D. S., et Zissimopoulos, J. M.. 2009. Why wait? The effect of marriage and childbearing on the wages of men and women. Journal of Human Resources 44: 326–49.Google Scholar
Lundberg, S., et Rose, E.. 2000. Parenthood and the earnings of married men and women. Labour Economics 1 (6): 689710.Google Scholar
Lundberg, S., et Rose, E.. 2002. The effects of sons and daughters on men’s labor supply and wages. Review of Economics and Statistics 84 (2): 251–68.Google Scholar
Mamum, A. 2012. Cohabitation premium in men’s earnings: testing the joint human capital hypothesis. Journal of Family and Economic Issues 33: 5368.Google Scholar
McKeever, M., et Wolfinger, N. H.. 2001. Reexamining the economic costs of marital disruption for women. Social Science Quarterly 82 (1): 202–17.Google Scholar
McManus, P. A., et DiPrete, T. A.. 2001. Losers and winners: The financial consequences of separation and divorce for men. American Sociological Review 66 (2): 246–68.Google Scholar
Meurs, D., Pailhé, A. et Ponthieux, S.. 2010. Child-related career interruptions and the gender wage gap in France. Annals of Economics and Statistics 99–100: 1546.Google Scholar
Mincy, R., Hill, J. et Sinkewicz, M.. 2009. Marriage: Cause and mere indicator of future earnings growth? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 28 (3): 417–39.Google Scholar
Nakosteen, R. A., et Zimmer, M. A.. 1987. Marital status and earnings of young men: A model with endogenous selection. Journal of Human Resources 22: 248–68.Google Scholar
Neumark, D., et Korenman, S.. 1994. Sources of bias in women’s wage equations: Results using sibling data. Journal of Human Resources 29 (2): 379405.Google Scholar
Noonan, M. C. 2001. The impact of domestic work on men’s and women’s wages. Journal of Marriage and Family 63 (4): 1134–45.Google Scholar
Ongaro, F., Mazzuco, S. et Meggiolaro, S.. 2008. Economic consequences of union dissolution in Italy: findings from the European Community Household Panel. European Journal of Population 25 (1): 4565.Google Scholar
Petersen, T., Penner, A. M. et Høgsnes, G.. 2010. The within-job motherhood wage penalty in Norway, 1979-1996. Journal of Marriage and Family 72 (5): 1274–88.Google Scholar
Petersen, T., Penner, A. M. et Høgsnes, G.. 2011. The male marital wage premium: sorting vs. differential pay. Industrial and Labor Relations Review 64 (2): 283304.Google Scholar
Peterson, R. 1996. A re-evaluation of the economic consequences of divorce. American Sociological Review 61 (3): 528536.Google Scholar
Phipps, S., Burton, P. et Lethbridge, L.. 2001. In and out of the labour market: long term income consequences of child related interruptions in women’s paid work. Canadian Journal of Economics 34 (2): 411–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pollmann-Schult, M. 2011. Marriage and Earnings: why do married men earn more than single men? European Sociological Review 27 (2): 147–63.Google Scholar
Poortman, A.-R. 2000. Sex differences in the economic consequences of separation. European Sociological Review 16 (4): 367–83.Google Scholar
Reed, R. W., Harford, K.. 1989. The marriage premium and compensating wage differentials. Journal of Population Economics 2: 237–65.Google Scholar
Rodgers, W. M. III, et Stratton, L. S.. 2010. Male marital wage differentials: training, personnel characteristics, and fixed effects. Economic Inquiry 48 (3): 722–42.Google Scholar
Smock, P. 1993. The economic costs of marital disruption for young women over the past two decades. Demography 30 (3): 353–71.Google Scholar
Smock, P. 1994. Gender and the short-run economic consequences of marital disruption. Social Forces 73 (1): 243–62.Google Scholar
Stratton, L. 2002. Examining the wage differential for married and cohabitating men. Economic Inquiry 40 (2): 199212.Google Scholar
Uunk, W. 2004. The economic consequences of divorce for women in the European Union: The impact of welfare state arrangements. European Journal of Population 20: 251–84.Google Scholar
Waldfogel, J. 1997. The effect of children on women’s wages. American Sociological Review 62: 209–17.Google Scholar
Weitzman, L. 1985. The divorce revolution: the unexpected social and economic consequences for women and children in America, Free Press.Google Scholar