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38. 436 U.S. 49 (1978).

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40. Ibid. at 1002.

41. Ibid. at 1066.

42. Ibid. at 1002.

43. Ibid. at 1003.

44. Ibid. at 1068.

45. Ibid. at 1033.

46. Ibid. at 1069.

47. Ibid. at 1072.

48. Ibid. at 1070.

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54. Garet, supra, note 34 at 1065.

55. Ibid. at 1052-1053.

56. At first glance, sociality does not appear to be relevant to the Santa Clara decision. Garet, however, argues that sociality is very much at stake: “The interpersonal inequality created by the membership rule hardly seems consistent with a norm of equal sharing in society” (at 1036).

57. Grey, supra, note 21 at 13.

58. Garet, supra, note 34 at 1005.

59. Ibid. at 1050

60. Constitutional Act, 1982 (en. by the Canada Act, 1982 (U.K.), c. 11, s. 1] Part I, Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. See ss. 16-23 (minority language and education rights); s. 25 (aboriginal rights); s. 27 (multicultural heritage); s. 29 (confessional schools).

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70. Ibid. at 57.

71. Ibid. at 56.

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78. S.C. 1876, c. 18.

79. See, for example, Frideres, James S. Native People in Canada: Contemporary Conflicts, Second Edition (Scarborough, Ontario: Prentice-Hall Canada Inc., 1983) at 13;Google Scholar Morse, Bradford W. Aboriginal Peoples and the Law: Indian. Metis and Inuit Rights in Canada (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1985) 4–5.Google Scholar

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82. Ibid.

83. See McDonald, supra, note 27 at 47 for a discussion of the divisive potential of the “new Indian-wifhout-band” status.

84. In contrast to the divisive Indian Act regime, a gesture towards native reunification may be found in s. 35(2) of the Constitution Act, 1982 which states that “[i]n this Act, ‘aboriginal peoples of Canada’ includes the Indian, Inuit and Metis peoples of Canada.’ Supra, note 60 at Part II, The Rights of the Aboriginal Peoples of Canada.

85. Frideres, supra, note 79 at 7.

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88. Ibid.

89. Kallen, supra, note 86 at 66.

90. McDonald, supra, note 26 at 120.

91. Frideres, supra, note 79 at 138.

92. Ibid. at 140.

93. Ibid. at 9.

94. Supra, note 76 at 9.

95. Frideres, Supra, note 79 at 142.

96. As cited in Dinstein, Supra, note 50 at 104.

97. McDonald, Supra, note 27 at 42.

98. Svensson, Supra, note 29 at 431.

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102. Ibid. at 88.

103. As cited in Berger, Supra, note 100 at 84.

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105. Kallen, Supra, note 86 at 68.

106. (1981), 3 W.W.R. 60 at 62, emphasis added.

107. Supra, note 81, s. 37.

108. Ibid. s. 39.

109. Ibid, ss. 35(1).

110. Ibid, ss. 35(2).

111. Ibid, ss. 35(3).

112. Ibid, ss. 35(4).

113. The failure of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 1971, which treats native land as a corporate asset susceptible to taxation and alienation, stands as a stark reminder of the hazards of imposing foreign concepts upon the traditional native lifestyle. For a discussion of the disintegrative effects of ANCSA see Berger, Thomas R. Village Journey: The Report of the Alaska Native Review Commission (New York: Hill and Wang, 1985) at 45.Google Scholar