This work, designed to provide an estimate of the quantity of food consumed by spiders, was part of a more general study of the ecology of a spider population in a stand of oaks (Quercus robur L.) in Wytham Wood, Berkshire, England (Turnbull, 1960a, 1960b). Linyphia triangularis (Clerck) was selected as a test spider for the following reasons: it is a common, easily recognized, and easily acquired species; its size closely approximates the mode size of spiders in the population under observation; as far as it may be said of any spider, L. triangularis possesses few specialized features or habits; and the species is amenable to laboratory rearing and manipulation.

For many years, the specific name, hyalinus, has been used to designate certain Perilampus adults reared from a variety of insects belonging to the orders Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. Normally, taxonomists hesitate to classify parasites from such a wide range of hosts under one specific name; but in this case their fears were allayed by the concept that most Perilampus species were strictly hyperparasitic and hence probably preyed upon a narrower range of hosts than indicated by rearing records. The hyperparasitic nature of Perilampus hyalinus Say was established in 1912 by Smith who recovered its immature stages from various primary parasites of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury. Smith gave an account of the behaviour of the first-instar planidial stage and came to the conclusion that the species could not develop as a primary parasite of the fall webwom. A hyperparasitic behaviour was demonstrated also for P. tristis Mayr on various primary parasites of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) (Bergold and Ripper, 1937). Primary parasitism was shown for P. chrysopa spp. (Clancy, 1946), and for P. italicus F. on the tenthredinid, Athalia colibri Christ. (Martelli, 1932). Nevertheless, the concept of hyperparasitism became generally accepted for most of the genus and discouraged attempts to utilize members of this genus for purposes of biological control of injurious defoliating insects.

Un piège à fosse construit sur le même principe que celui décrit récemment par Doane (1961), mais plus simple de fabrication et d'emploi, nous a donné d'excellents résultats lors d'une enquête préliminaire sur les Carabidés associés à diverses cultures de la région de Belleville.

L'appareil (Fig. 1) se compose principalement d'un entonnoir (C) inséré dans un cylindre (B) et conduisant à une bouteille (D) où sont retenus les insectes. Une boite à conserves de 48 onces dont on a enlevé les extrémités sert de cylindre. Enfoncé jusqu'à son rebord supérieur dans le sol, il prévient l'effondrement des parois de la cavité où sont disposées les autres pièces du piège.

During his study of the ecology of red pine plantations, Mr. J. L. Martin, Forest Insect Laboratory, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, found a species of Laspeyresia feeding as larvae under the bark of living trees. This species is described here to enable him to report on the results of his investigation.

Laspeyresia resinosae, new species

Antenna, head, thorax, and abdomen powdery-grey. Basal half of forewing grey; outer half blackish, with cupreous reflections, the tips of the scales ochreous; outer three-fifths of costa with four pairs of silvery-white geminations; the basal pair of geminations fuse into a single, angular, transverse, shiny-leaden fascia, that extends to the trailing margin just beyond the middle; a similar fascia arises from the second costal geminations, and extends only to the fold; a third leaden fascia arises from the apical geminations, extends irregularly to the tornus, and is broken into three almost equal sections; the central portions of the second and third fasciae are narrowly margined with a few black scales, representing a very poorly defined ocelloid patch; outer margin with a very distinct black line basad to the shiny leaden fringe; the black line cut by three white dashes, two opposite the breaks in the outer, transverse fascia, and the third at the tornal end of that fascia. Hind wing powdery-grey; fringe dirty-white with darker basal line. Under-surface and legs silvery-grey. Tarsi black banded. Wingspread: 9.5-10.5 mm. Moth in late June and early July.

A few years ago Dr. Henry K. Townes and his family made a large collection of Ichneumonidae in Japan. He has since lent me the Exenterini from that and some other Asiatic collections. In 1960 I travelled to Europe and was able to study most of the types and the large collection of the tribe in the hands of Mr. G. J. Kerrich at the British Museum of Natural History. The examination of all this material, especially the Asiatic species, has proven so illuminating that I feel a further consideration of generic limits is now due.

The present paper brings together the latest knowledge on the species of Mecormmu known to occur in the Nearctic region. Study of the genitalia, external structures, and distribution, show that species vary considerably in structure and colour, and these variations have contributed in the past to the confusion in naming the species of Mecomma. Lack of specimens in collections has also hindered the study of this group and it is only within the last few years that large collections made in Canada and the United States have helped to solve somc of the problems.

The present paper brings together the latest knowledge on the species of Lyctocoris Hahn, Tetraphleps Fieber, and Elatophilus Reuter, in the Nearctic region. New synonymy and new combinations are listed, and distinguishing characters of the genera are presented. Five new species are described to make available the names for a forthcoming paper on Anthocoridae in the Pacific Northwest (Anderson, in press).

The flight of bark beetles covers a short but important period of their life cycle, during which they are exposed to conditions not encountered during the major portion of their life under the bark. The time of flight and the factors which affect it are important, not only to the dispersal and survival of the insect, but also in the interpretation of experimental data dependent upon the beetle's flight activity.

Chapman (1954), Rudinsky and Vité (1956), and Atkins (1959, 1960, 1961) studied the flight of the Douglas-fir beetle under laboratory conditions, but there is scant reference to field studies on the flight of this insect. Chapman and Kinghorn (1958) recorded the number caught in window flight traps near Cowichan Lake, B.C., and unpublished reports describe emergence records obtained from cage studies conducted near Lumby, B.C.

This paper is an account of the distributions of the Anthocoridae of the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho), with notes on the life histories of the more common species. It brings together the published and unpublished data on the family in that area. Seven species listed were previously unrecorded there and five others are new species recently described (Kelton and Anderson, 1962). In 1956 and 1957 intensive collecting was done in southern British Columbia and some material was collected in the Willamette Valley and east of the Cascade Range in Oregon. Specimens were examined in the important museum collections of the area and in some private collections.

Sugar beets are grown on approximately 38,000 acres of irrigated land in southern Alberta and their culture is a stabilizing influence on the economy of the irrigated districts. The sugar-beet root maggot, Tetanops myopaeformis (Röder), has been a pest of sugar heets in the sandy soil areas of southern Alberta since 1955 and caused serious damage in the same area from 1934 to 1937. This insect has been a problem also in Manitoba, North Dakota, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado (Allen et al., 1959; Callenbach et al., 1957; Hawley, 1922; Jones et al., 1952; Maxson, 1948). Considerable experimental work has been done on the control of this pest in Alberta (Harper et al., 1961a; Harper et al., 1961b; Lilly et al., 1961), but there have been no detailed studies published on the life history of the insect in Canada and there is very little information from elsewhere. In 1922 Hawley published notes on the biology of the insect in Utah. The present paper describes the life history of T. myopaeformis in southern Alberta.

A survey was recently undertaken by the author with Dr. V. P. Rao, Entomologist-in-charge, Indian Station, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Bangalore, India, for natural enemies of Adelges spp. attacking silver fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.) in the North-West and Eastern Himalayas. In the course of this survey it was found that the coccinellids Coccinella septem-punctata L., C. septempunctata L. var. divaricata Oliv. and C. septempunctata L. var. confusa Wied, were three of the most common predators of Adelges spp. in both these areas. With a view to sending laboratory-reared material to Canada for trial against Adelges piceae Ratz., which is a serious pest there, large numbers of these Coccinellids were collected in the fir and spruce forests to provide breeding material.