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YIELD LOSSES IN CANOLA CAUSED BY ADULT AND LARVAL FLEA BEETLES, PHYLOTRETA CRUCIFERAE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

G.K. Bracken
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9
G.E. Bucher
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 195 Dafoe Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9

Abstract

The temporal aspects of the effect of feeding damage to canola seedlings by adult flea beetles on yield were determined by protecting plants in 0.836-m2 field plots from beetle attack with screen cages for varying periods. Yield was reduced most when plants were damaged during stages 1.0–2.2, 5–10 days after germination, but was not reduced when they were damaged after reaching stages 2.3–2.4, 20 days after germination. Plots exposed to attack for periods greater than 5 days before protection had smaller yields and fewer plants than plots protected from the time of germination for 5 or more days before exposure to flea beetle attack. Yield losses caused by larvae were measured by growing plants inside field cages to stage 2.3–2.4 before exposing them to feral adults to establish larval populations; yields of plots treated subsequently with drenches of carbofuran to kill larvae were then compared with yields of untreated plots. A yield loss of 5% was observed at larval densities of 0.16/cm2, estimated from soil core samples and captures of adults in emergence cages. The results confirm that continuous protection of canola during and after germination is superior to post-germination protection and suggest that activities of flea beetle larvae reduce yield.

Résumé

Les auteurs ont déterminé l’aspect temporel de l’effet, sur le rendement, de la déprédation des semis de colza canola par les altises adultes, en protégeant par des cages grillagées des parcelles de 0,836 m2 des attaques de ces insectes. Le rendement a baissé le plus quand les plantes étaient endommagées aux stades 1.0–2.2, 5 à 10 jours après la germination, mais n’a pas diminué quand les plantes étaient attaquées après avoir atteint les stades 2.3–2.4, 20 jours après la germination. Les parcelles exposées aux attaques durant plus de 5 jours avant d’être protégées avaient un rendement inférieur et portaient moins de plantes que celles protégées dès la germination, pendant au moins 5 jours, avant d’y être exposées. On a mesuré les pertes de rendement occasionnées par les larves en cultivant les plantes dans des cages jusqu’au stade 2.3–2.4 avant de les exposer aux adultes à l’état libre pour que les populations de larves s’établissent. On a ensuite comparé le rendement des parcelles non traitées à celui des parcelles traitées ultérieurement avec des arrosages abondants de carbofurane visant à tuer les larves. Les auteurs ont observé des pertes de rendement de l’ordre de 5% à des densités larvaires de 0,16/cm2, chiffre estimé à partir d’échantillons cylindriques de sol et des captures d’adultes en cages de sortie. Les résultats confirment la supériorité de la protection continue du canola durant et après la germination sur celle fournie après la germination et laissent entendre que l’activité des larves d’altise réduit le rendement.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1986

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