Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T17:43:31.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE WINTER MOTH, OPEROPHTERA BRUMATA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), A NEW PEST ATTACKING APPLE ORCHARDS IN NOVA SCOTIA, AND ITS COLDHARDINESS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A. W. MacPhee
A. W. MacPhee
Affiliation:
Research Station, Clnada Department of Agriculture, Kentville, Nova Scotia
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), a recent introduction to North America, is a serious pest of apple in Nova Scotia. Natural controls, mainly the parasite Cyzenis albicans (Fall.), reduce its rate of increase, and selective chemical controls are applied to maintain economic levels. Its maximum density is limited by its food supply in neglected orchards. The mean freezing point of O. brumata winter eggs is −31°F. Egg mortality increases appreciably with increase of duration of exposure to low temperatures in the −26°F to −34°F vulnerable range. It seems probable that winter moth will continue to spread slowly over much of Eastern North America.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 99 , Issue 8 , August 1967 , pp. 829 - 834
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Cuming, F. G. 1961. The distribution, life history, and economic importance of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent. 93: 135–142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Embree, D. G. 1965. The population dynamics of the winter moth in Nova Scotia, 1954–1962. Mem. ent. Soc. Can. No. 46.Google Scholar
Embree, D. G. 1966. The role of introduced parasites in the control of winter moth in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent. 98: 1159–1168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, A. R. 1958. Recoveries of introduced species of parasites of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent. 90: 595–596.Google Scholar
Hawbolt, L. S., and Cuming, F. G.. 1950. Cankerworm and European winter moth in Nova Scotia. Dom. Dep. Agric., Sci. Serv. Div. Ent. Forest Insect Invest., bi-m. Prog. Rep. 6(1): 1–2.Google Scholar
Kozhanchikov, I. V. 1950. Life cycle development and geographical distribution of frost spanworm, Operophtera brumata (L.). (In Russian.) Entomologuicheskoye Obozreniye (Entomological Review): 31(1–2): 178–197.Google Scholar
MacPhee, A. W. 1961. Mortality of winter eggs of the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), at low temperatures, and its ecological significance. Can. J. Zool. 39: 229–243.Google Scholar
Moravskaya, A. S. 1960. The biology and certain patterns in the changing numbers of Operophtera brumata in the Tellermanov forest. (In Russian.) Trudy Inst. Lesa akad. Nauk. SSSR 48: 59–101. (Seen in Biol. Abstr. 38, No. 3675.)Google Scholar
Sanford, K. H., and Herbert, H. J. 1966 The influence of spray programs on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia XV. Chemical controls for winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and their effects on phytophagous mite and predator populations. Can. Ent. 98: 991–999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, C. C. 1950. Notes on the European winter moth in Nova Scotia. Can. Dep. Agric., Forest Biol. Div., bi-m. Prog. Rep. 6(2).Google Scholar
Somme, L. 1966. Mortality of winter eggs of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch) during the winter of 1965–66. Norsk ent. Tidsskr., Hefte 4, Bd. 13: 420–423.Google Scholar
Wylie, H. G. 1960. Insect parasites of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in western Europe. Entomophaga 5(2): 111–129.Google Scholar