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SUSCEPTIBILITY OF IPS CALLIGRAPHUS (GERMAR) AND DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS ZIMMERMANN (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE) TO COLEOPTERAN-ACTIVE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS, A BACILLUS METABOLITE, AND AVERMECTIN B1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

James H. Cane ,
Hugh E. Cox  and
William J. Moar
James H. Cane
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA 36849-5413
Hugh E. Cox
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA 36849-5413
William J. Moar
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology and Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA 36849-5413
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Abstract

A simple, reliable feeding bioassay was developed for screening certain biorational insecticides with potential use against pine bark beetles. Adult Ips calligraphus and Dendroctonus frontalis were fed freeze-dried phloem fortified with Avermectin B1, Bacillus thuringiensis with known coleopteran activity, or a bacterial metabolite (R003). Avermectin B1 was toxic to adult I. calligraphus by 4 days at an LC50 of 0.36 μg AI/g of diet. R003 was active against both beetle species, yielding 85–100% mortality after 10 days exposure to a concentration of 360 μg/g of diet. No B. thuringiensis product was toxic at a discriminating concentration of 200 μg of spore/crystal preparation per gram of diet. Beetle mortality on untreated diet remained <10% over the 4–10 days duration of feeding trials. Unadulterated, lyophilized phloem diet did not spoil during bioassays, provided that tanned beetles were taken for bioassays before they emerged from their natal host bolts. Microbial products with scolytid activity, such as Avermectin B1 and R003, could have future value for limiting bark beetle infestations of individual trees or small stands in urban or ecologically sensitive forests. Innovative strategies for delivery would have to be developed, however, to circumvent the cryptic habits of these phloeophagous beetles.

Résumé

Un test d’alimentation simple et efficace a été mis au point pour évaluer l’efficacité de certains insecticides biologiques sur les scolytes parasites des pins. Des adultes d’Ips calligraphus et de Dendroctonus frontalis ont été nourris de phloème séché à froid et fortifié d’Avermectine B1, de bactéries Bacillus thuringiensis efficaces contre les coléoptères, ou d’un metabolite de la bactérie (R003). L’Avermectine B1 s’est avérée toxique chez les adultes d’I. calligraphus après 4 jours avec une valeur de LC50 de 0,36 μm IA/g d’aliment. Le métabolite R003 est efficace chez les deux espèces et a entraîné une mortalité de 85–100% après 10 jours à une concentration de 360 μg/g d’aliment. Aucun produit relié au bacille B. thuringiensis ne s’est avéré toxique à une concentration discriminate de 200 μg par g d’aliment d’une préparation spores/cristaux. La mortalité des coléoptères témoins a été évaluée à moins de 10% au cours des test alimentaires de 4–10 jours. Le phloème lyophilisé, non modifié, se conserve bien durant les tests si on s’assure que les coléoptères qui ont déjà atteint leur coloration adulte et qui servent aux tests sont recueillis avant leur émergence de l’hôte où ils sont enfermés. Les produits microbiens à activité scolycide, tels l’Avermectine B1 et le R003, pourront sans doute s’avérer très utiles dans la lutte contre les infestations de scolytes des écorces sur des arbres en particulier ou dans les petits boisés urbains ou les forêts écologiquement fragiles. Des stratégies d’application devront cependant être développées pour contourner le problème des habitudes fouisseuses de ces coléoptères phloéophages.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 127 , Issue 6 , December 1995 , pp. 831 - 837
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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