Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T16:39:24.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Successful reproduction by the eastern larch beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the absence of an overwintering period

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 December 2014

Fraser R. McKee  and
Brian H. Aukema
Fraser R. McKee*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States of America
Brian H. Aukema
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 1980 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States of America
*
1 Corresponding author (email: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Eastern larch beetles, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), are monophagous, phloem-feeding herbivores of eastern larch (tamarack), Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch (Pinaceae). Recently dead or moribund trees are preferentially colonised. Outbreaks of eastern larch beetles are generally localised and short-lived, although a large outbreak has been occurring in the Great Lakes region of North America since 2000. The beetle is reported as univoltine, with a single, spring-emergent, reproductive parent generation establishing one to three sibling broods per year. Some progeny emerging during summer or fall re-enter the tree bole close to ground level to overwinter, while remaining brood adults overwinter within pupal chambers in situ. Owing to these behaviours, eastern larch beetles have been suggested to possess an obligate overwintering reproductive diapause. However, studies have not confirmed this hypothesis. We tested the reproductive viability of non-overwintered progeny in three laboratory experiments. Non-overwintered progeny were reproductively viable, suggesting that a portion of the population may exhibit a facultative adult overwintering diapause. Progeny that emerged naturally from the host (i.e., putative fall-emergers) demonstrated reproductive rates almost six-fold those of manually extracted insects demonstrating a propensity to remain in situ (i.e., putative spring-emergers). These results shed new light onto the reproductive behaviour of eastern larch beetles, and suggest that future population dynamics may be influenced by a warming climate.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 147 , Issue 5 , October 2015 , pp. 602 - 610
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Deepa Pureswaran

References

Albers, M.A. 2010. Eastern larch beetle in Minnesota. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Forest Health Unit, Grand Rapids, Minnesota, United States of America.Google Scholar
Clark, E.W. 1975. Reproductive diapause in Hylobius pales . Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 68: 349–352.Google Scholar
Danks, H.V. 1987. Insect dormancy: an ecological perspective. Monograph Series 1, Biological Survey of Canada (Terrestrial Arthropods), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Dodge, H.R. 1938. The bark beetles of Minnesota (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Technical Bulletin No. 132, Univerisity of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.Google Scholar
Furniss, M.M. 1976. Controlled breeding, comparative anatomy and bionomics of Dendroctonus simplex LeConte and Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Volume 15, University of Idaho Department of Entomology Anniversary Publication, Moscow, ID, USA. Pp. 109–120.Google Scholar
Hansen, E.M., Bentz, B.J., Powell, J.S., Gray, D.R., and Vandygriff, J.C. 2011. Prepupal diapause and instar IV developmental rates of the spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 57: 1347–1357.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hansen, E.M., Bentz, B.J., and Turner, D.L. 2001. Physiological basis for flexible voltinism in the spruce beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 133: 805–817.Google Scholar
Hopkins, A.D. 1909. The eastern larch beetle. The Douglas fir beetle. Bulletin 83, Part 1, United States Department of Agriculture – Bureau of Entomology, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America.Google Scholar
Langor, D.W. and Raske, A.G. 1987a. Emergence, host attack, and overwintering behavior of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Newfoundland. The Canadian Entomologist, 119: 975–983.Google Scholar
Langor, D.W. and Raske, A.G. 1987b. Reproduction and development of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in Newfoundland. The Canadian Entomologist, 119: 985–992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langor, D.W. and Raske, A.G. 1988. Annotated bibliography of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Canadian Forest Service, Newfoundland Forestry Centre, St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.Google Scholar
Langor, D.W. and Raske, A.G. 1989a. The eastern larch beetle, another threat to our forests (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Forestry Chronicle, 65: 276–279.Google Scholar
Langor, D.W. and Raske, A.G. 1989b. A history of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), in North America. Great Lakes Entomologist, 22: 139–154.Google Scholar
Manitoba Conservation Forestry Branch 2014. Eastern larch beetle outbreak in Manitoba [online]. Available from https://www.gov.mb.ca/conservation/forestry/health/eastern-larch.html [accessed 18 March 2014].Google Scholar
McKee, F.R. and Aukema, B.H. 2014. Influence of temperature on the reproductive success, brood development, and brood fitness of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, doi:10.1111/afe.12087.Google Scholar
Michigan Department of Natural Resources 2013. 2013 forest health highlights. Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, United States of America.Google Scholar
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 2012. In Forest health highlights Minnesota 2012. Edited by O. Phillips, V. Cervenka, S. Burks, J. Albers, M.A. Albers, and R. Blaedow, p. 6. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources – Forest Health Unit, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.Google Scholar
Nordenhem, H. 1989. Age, sexual development, and seasonal occurrence of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (L.). Journal of Applied Entomology, 108: 260–270.Google Scholar
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources 2012. In Forest health conditions in Ontario, 2011. Edited by T.A. Scarr, K. L. Ryall, and P. Hodge, p. 57. Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Prebble, M.L. 1933. The larval development of three bark beetles. The Canadian Entomologist, 65: 145–150.Google Scholar
Prendergast, B.F. 1991. The chemical ecology of the eastern larch beetle, Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, and the spruce beetle, D. rufipennis (Kirby). M.Sc. thesis. State University of New York, Syracuse, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team 2014. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. Available from http://www.R-project.org [accessed 13 November 2014.Google Scholar
Ryan, R.B. 1959. Termination of diapause in the Douglas-fir beetle, Dendroctonus pseudotsugae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), as an aid to continuous laboratory rearing. The Canadian Entomologist, 91: 520–525.Google Scholar
Safranyik, L., Simmons, C.S., and Barclay, H.J. 1990. A conceptual model of spruce beetle population dynamics. Information Report BC-X-316, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.Google Scholar
Seybold, S.J., Albers, M.A., and Katovich, S.A. 2002. Eastern larch beetle. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet #175, United States Department of Agriculture – Forest Service, Northern Research Station, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America.Google Scholar
Simpson, L.J. 1929. The biology of Canadian bark beetles. The seasonal history of Dendroctonus simplex Lec. The Canadian Entomologist, 61: 274–279.Google Scholar
Swaine, J.M. 1911. Some insects of larch. Annals of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 41: 81–88.Google Scholar
Tan, J.Y., Wainhouse, D., Day, K.R., and Morgan, G. 2010. Flight ability and reproductive development in newly-emerged pine weevil Hylobius abietis and the potential effects of climate change. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 12: 427–434.Google Scholar
Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., and Masaki, S. 1986. Seasonal adaptations of insects. Oxford University Press, New York, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
Venette, R.C. and Walter, A.J. 2008. Connecting overwintering success of eastern larch beetle to health of tamarack. In Forest health monitoring: 2008 national technical report. Edited by K.M. Potter and B.L. Conkling. United States Department of Agriculture-Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Ashville, North Carolina, United States of America, chapter 16, pp. 167–169.Google Scholar
Wainhouse, D., Inward, D.J.G., and Morgan, G. 2014. Modelling geographical variation in voltinism of Hylobius abietis under climate change and implications for management. Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 16: 136–146.Google Scholar
Werner, R.A. 1986. The eastern larch beetle in Alaska. Research Paper PNW-357, United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America.Google Scholar
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 2013. Wisconsin DNR forest health 2013 annual report. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.Google Scholar
Wood, S.L. 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, 6: 1–1359.Google Scholar