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Spectral discrimination by Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) when orienting to traps baited with sex pheromone or feeding attractants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2013

Gary J.R. Judd  and
Chelsea Eby
Gary J.R. Judd*
Affiliation:
Pacific Agri-food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
Chelsea Eby
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
*
Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

Apple clearwing moth, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), is an invasive species in Canada and a destructive pest of commercial apple trees in British Columbia. Adult mass trapping is being developed to help organic apple producers manage this pest. We manipulated and measured spectral reflectance from delta traps, unitraps, and bottle traps used to deploy sex pheromone, phenylacetaldehyde, and grape juice mass-trapping baits and compared catches in baited traps having different reflectance properties. Synanthedon myopaeformis did not discriminate among pheromone-baited delta traps painted yellow, green, or white, from those left clear (group 1), nor among those painted purple, blue, red, or black (group 2). Catches by all treatments in group 1 were significantly greater than all in group 2. Catches in pheromone-baited delta traps were positively correlated with their intensity of green wavelength reflectance (500–550 nm). Fluorescent yellow delta traps reflected more green and ultraviolet (300–400 nm) light than standard yellow or green traps but caught significantly fewer moths when baited with pheromone, implying an antagonistic interaction of green versus ultraviolet-sensitive behaviours. Pheromone-baited all-yellow unitraps caught significantly more moths than equivalent all-green, all-white, or all-red unitraps. Catches in pheromone-baited all-yellow unitraps decreased when any component (lid, funnel, or bucket) was replaced with a green one. Changing the intensity or quality of reflectance from funnels had the greatest impact on unitrap catches (82% reduction). Spectral preferences were modulated by odours eliciting different behaviours (mating versus feeding). When baited with the floral feeding odour phenylacetaldehyde, yellow and green delta traps were among the least attractive, whereas black and blue traps were among the most attractive. When baited with grape juice food baits, black bottle traps caught significantly more moths than any other colour except white, and the former are recommended for maximising mass trapping of females while minimising nontarget impacts of juice baits.

Résumé

La sésie du pommier, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Borkhausen) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), est une espèce envahissante au Canada et un ravageur qui détruit les pommiers commerciaux en Colombie-Britannique. On met au point actuellement des méthodes de piégeage de masse pour aider les producteurs de pommes organiques à gérer ce ravageur. Nous avons manipulé et mesuré les facteurs de réflexion de pièges delta, de pièges Unitrap et de bouteilles pièges utilisés pour disséminer les appâts de piégeage de masse, les phéromones sexuelles, le phénylacétaldéhyde et le jus de raisin, et possédant des propriétés de réflexion différentes. Les S. myopaeformis ne discriminent pas entre les pièges delta appâtés de phéromones et peints en jaune, vert ou blanc de ceux laissés transparents (groupe 1), ni entre ceux peints en violet, bleu, rouge ou noir (groupe 2). Les captures dans tous les traitements du groupe 1 sont significativement plus importantes que celles de tous ceux du groupe 2. Les captures dans les pièges delta munis de phéromones sont en corrélation positive avec l'intensité de leur réflexion des longueurs d'onde vertes (500–550 nm). Les pièges delta peints en jaune fluorescent réfléchissent plus de lumière verte et ultraviolette (300–400 nm) que les pièges standard jaunes ou verts, mais capturent significativement moins de sésies lorsque munis de phéromones, ce qui semble indiquer une interaction antagoniste des comportements sensibles au vert et à l'ultraviolet. Les pièges Unitrap entièrement jaunes munis de phéromones récoltent significativement plus de sésies que les piège Unitrap équivalents entièrement verts, blancs ou rouges. Les captures dans les pièges Unitrap entièrement jaunes munis de phéromones diminuent lorsque l'une des composantes (couvercle, entonnoir ou cuve) est remplacée par une composante verte. La modification de l'intensité ou de la qualité de la réflexion de l'entonnoir a l'impact le plus important sur les captures dans les pièges Unitrap (réduction de 82%). Les préférences spectrales sont modulées par les odeurs qui provoquent des comportements différents (accouplement plutôt qu'alimentation). Lorsqu'ils sont munis de phénylacétaldéhyde, une odeur florale d'alimentation, les pièges delta jaunes et verts sont les moins attirants, alors que les pièges bleus et noirs sont parmi les plus attirants. Les bouteilles pièges noires contenant du jus de raisin comme appât attrapent significativement plus sésies que celles d'autres couleurs, excepté le blanc; nous recommandons donc ces pièges pour la capture de masse de femelles, tout en minimisant les impacts des appâts de jus sur les espèces non ciblées.

Type
Behaviour and Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 146 , Issue 1 , February 2014 , pp. 8 - 25
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2013 

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Footnotes

Subject editor: Staffan Lindgren

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