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SOME PRO- AND MESOTHORACIC STRUCTURES IMPORTANT FOR PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF HYMENOPTERA, WITH A REVIEW OF TERMS USED FOR THE STRUCTURES1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Gary A.P. Gibson
Gary A.P. Gibson
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
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Abstract

The character-state distribution of various external and internal pro- and mesothoracic structures of Hymenoptera is described. Structures discussed are the transscutal articulation, axillae, notauli, median mesoscutal sulcus, parapsidal lines, pronotal lobe, postspiracular sclerite, prepectus, netrion, epicnemium, basalare, pronotal-mesothor-acic attachment mechanism, and 2 mesothoracic muscles, viz. mesotrochanteral depressor and second-phragmal flexor. Ancestral state and transformation of the characters are hypothesized, and shared derived states of higher taxa are determined. Hypotheses of synapomorphy are based on the shared derived states, and these hypotheses used to test previous hypotheses of relationship and classification. Relationships of Symphyta to Apocrita and of Aculeata to Terebrantes are discussed, and various aspects of classification of Symphyta and Terebrantes are examined. Finally, prior use of terms is reviewed for the thoracic structures studied. A single set of terms is selected for use throughout the order based on original use of each term and on hypotheses of homology.

Résumé

L'auteur décrit les profils de distribution des diverses structures internes et externes du prothorax et du mésothorax. Il s'agit notamment de l'articulation transscutale, des axilles, des notaulices, du sulcus mésonotal médian, des rainures parapsidales, du lobe pronotal, du sclérite postspiraculaire, du prépectus, du nétrion, de l'epicnemium, de la basalaire, de l'attache pronotum–mésothorax et des deux muscles mésothoraciques (le dépresseur mésotrochantéral et le second flexeur phragmien. On pose l'hypothèse d'un état ancestral servant de départ à une transformation des caractères et on dégage les états dérivés des taxons supérieurs. Des hypothèses de synapomorphie sont échafaudées sur les états dérivés, puis utilisées pour vérifier les hypothèses antérieures sur les plans de la phylogenèse et de la taxinomie. Les rapports entre les Symphytes et les Apocrites et entre les Aculéates et les Térébrants sont examinés. Enfin l'auteur passe en revue la terminologie antérieure des structures thoraciques étudiées et retient un seul jeu de termes à utiliser pour l'ensemble de l'ordre d'après l'usage original de chaque terme et d'après des hypothèses d'homologie.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 11 , November 1985 , pp. 1395 - 1443
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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