Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:51:39.955Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some Biological Control Aspects of Taxonomy Exemplified by the Genus Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

S. E. Flanders
S. E. Flanders
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Control, University of California, Citrus Research Center and Agricultural Experiment Station, Riverside
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The biological control of agricultural pests is not dependent on the specific identification of the natural enemies employed if their host relations are known. Such identification is often made after the natural enemies are imported and established in a new habitat. This is well exemplified by the genus Aphytis, a genus notable for species that consist of “host-controlling” and “non-host-controlling” races and for certain species that, after importation from South China into California and Israel, were colonized by two methods, direct and indirect. The direct method is characterized by the “screening out” of species in the field, the indirect method by the “screening out” of species in the laboratory.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 96 , Issue 6 , June 1964 , pp. 888 - 893
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1964

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brues, C. T. 1908. The correlation between habits and structural characters among the parasitic Hymenoptera. J. econ. Ent. 1: 123–128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clausen, C. P. 1942. The relation of taxonomy to biological control. J. econ. Ent. 35: 744–748.Google Scholar
Cohen, I., and Nadel, D.. 1962. Special Bulletin on the Biological Control Institute for Citrus Pests, Rehovoth. Agric. Div. Citrus Board of Israel. 24 pp. [In Hebrew.]Google Scholar
Compere, H. 1955. A systematic study of the genus Aphytis Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) with descriptions of new species. Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent. 10: 271–320.Google Scholar
DeBach, P. 1960. The importance of taxonomy to biological control as illustrated by the cryptic history of Aphytis holoxanthus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasite of Chrysomphalus aonidum, and Aphytis coheni n. sp., a parasite of Aonidiella aurantii. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 53: 701–705.Google Scholar
DeBach, P., Landi, J. and White, E. B.. 1962. Biological Control of California red scale. Calif. Citrog. 48: 16–20.Google Scholar
Flanders, S. E. 1953a. Aphelinid biologies with implications for taxonomy. Ann. ent. Soc. Amer. 46: 84–94.Google Scholar
Flanders, S. E. 1953b. Hymenopterous parasites of three species of oriental scale insects. Boll. Lab. Zool. Gen. Agric. “Filippo Silvestri”, Portici, 33: 10–28.Google Scholar
Flanders, S. E. 1957. Fig scale parasites introduced into California. J. econ. Ent. 50: 171–172.Google Scholar
Flanders, S. E., Gressitt, J. L. and Fisher, T.. W.. 1958. Casca chinensis, an internal parasite of California red scale. Hilgardia 28: 65–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huffaker, C. B., Kennett, C. E. and Finney, G. L.. 1962. Biological control of olive scale, Parlatoria oleae (Colvée), in California by imported Aphytis maculicornis (Masi) (Hymenoptera, Aphelinidae). Hilgardia 32: 541–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvestri, F. 1930. Preliminary report on the citrus scale-insects of China. Trans. 4th int. Congr. Ent., Ithaca 2: 897–904.Google Scholar
Smith, H. S., and Flanders, S. E.. 1949. Recent introductions of entomophagous insects into California. J. econ. Ent. 42: 995–996.Google Scholar
Smith, H. S., and Flanders, S. E.. 1950. The search for natural enemies of citrus pests. Calif. Citrog. 35: 376–378.Google Scholar