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Soil moisture and relative humidity effects during postdiapause on the emergence of western cherry fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2013

Wee L. Yee
Wee L. Yee*
Affiliation:
United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, 5230 Konnowac Pass Road, Wapato, Washington 98951, United States of America
*
(e-mail: [email protected])
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Abstract

Pupae of western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), from Kennewick and Roslyn in Washington State, United States of America, were subjected to different soil and air moisture conditions to test the hypotheses that adult emergence from dry and moist soil is similar and is greater and occurs earlier at high than low relative humidities (RHs). Adult fly emergence from 0–57% saturated loam soil did not differ in Kennewick (64.8–75.1%) and Roslyn (81.7–86.6%) populations. Emergence did not occur from 76% saturated loam soil. In a RH experiment using dry soil, emergence of Kennewick flies was highest at 97% RH (76.8%), intermediate at 12–74% RH (66.4–69.6%), and lowest at 3% RH (58.0%). Emergence of Roslyn flies was higher at 97% RH (85.6%) than 3% (69.2%) and 12% RH (74.3%), but it did not differ from that at 33% (76.9%) and 74% RH (79.4%). Flies emerged ∼2–3 days earlier at 97% RH than at 3–12% RH. An unnaturally low RH of 3% caused more flies to be deformed than higher RHs. High emergence of R. indifferens in dry and moist conditions likely contributes to its presence in a wide range of native and nonnative habitats.

Résumé

Des nymphes de la mouche occidentale des cerises, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), de Kennewick et Roslyn dans l’état de Washington, États-Unis d'Amérique, ont été exposées à des conditions différentes d'humidité du sol et de l'air afin de vérifier les hypothèses voulant que l’émergence des adultes soit la même dans les sols secs et humides et que l’émergence soit plus forte et se produise plus tôt aux humidités relatives élevées qu'aux humidités relatives basses. L’émergence de mouches adultes n'est pas différente dans les sols loameux saturés à 0–57% dans les populations de Kennewick (64,8–75,1%) et Roslyn (81,7–86,6%). Il ne se produit pas d’émergence dans les sols loameux saturés à 76%. Dans une expérience sur l'humidité relative (RH/HR) utilisant du sol sec, l’émergence des mouches de Kennewick est maximale à 97% HR (76,8%), moyenne à 12–74% HR (66,4–69,6%) et minimale à 3% HR (58,0%). L’émergence des mouches de Roslyn est plus forte à 97% HR (85,6%) qu’à 3% HR (69,2%) et 12% HR (74,3%), mais ne diffère pas de l’émergence à 33% HR (76,9%) et à 74% HR (79,4%). Les mouches émergent ∼2–3 jours plus tôt à 97% HR qu’à 3–12% HR. Une HR anormalement basse de 3% produit plus de mouches déformées que les HR plus élevées. Les fortes émergences de R. indifferens dans les conditions d'humidité et de sécheresse contribuent vraisemblablement à sa présence dans une gamme étendue d'habitats indigènes et nonindigènes.

Type
Behaviour & Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 145 , Issue 3 , June 2013 , pp. 317 - 326
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2013 

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