Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T21:35:33.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 August 2020

John H. Borden Open the ORCID record for John H. Borden [Opens in a new window]  and
Eveline Stokkink
John H. Borden*
Affiliation:
JHB Consulting, 6552 Carnegie Street, Burnaby, British Columbia,V5B 1Y3, Canada Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia,V5A 1S6, Canada
Eveline Stokkink
Affiliation:
Woodstock Management Inc., 2065 Bluebell Terrace, Nanaimo, British Columbia,V0S 2P9, Canada
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Three species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

Type
Research Papers
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 153 , Issue 1: Managing bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with semiochemicals , February 2021 , pp. 79 - 90
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Entomological Society of Canada

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Invited presentation in symposium entitled “Management of bark and ambrosia beetles with semiochemicals,” Steven Seybold and Christopher J. Fettig, United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Co-Chairs, 2018 ESA, ESC and ESBC Joint Annual Meeting, 11–14 November 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Subject editor: Deepa Pureswaran

References

Bakke, A. and Sæther, T. 1978. Granbarkbillen kan fanges I rorfeller. Skogeieren, 65: 10.Google Scholar
Borden, J.H. 1988. The striped ambrosia beetle. In Dynamics of forest insect populations. Edited by Berryman, A.A.. Plenum, New York, United States of America. Pp. 579–596.Google Scholar
Borden, J.H. 1995. Development and use of semiochemicals against bark and timber beetles. In Forest insect pests in Canada. Edited by Armstrong, J.A. and Ives, W.G.H.. Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Canada. Pp. 431–445.Google Scholar
Borden, J.H. 2020. Management of bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) with semiochemicals: letter to a prospective graduate student. The Canadian Entomologist, 153: this issue. https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.11.Google Scholar
Borden, J.H., Chong, L., McLean, J.A., Slessor, K.N., and Mori, K. 1976. Gnathotrichus sulcatus: synergistic response to enantiomers of the aggregation pheromone sulcatol. Science, 192: 894–896.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Borden, J.H., Chong, L.J., Gries, R., and Pierce, H.D. Jr. 2001. Potential for nonhost volatiles as repellents in integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles. Integrated Pest Management Reviews, 6: 221–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borden, J.H., Handley, J.R., Johnston, B.D., MacConnell, J.G., Silverstein, R.M., Slessor, K.N., Swigar, A.A., and Wong, D.T.W. 1979. Synthesis and field testing of 4,6,6-lineatin, the aggregation pheromone of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 5: 681–689.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borden, J.H., Handley, J.R., McLean, J.A., Silverstein, R.M., Chong, L., Slessor, K.N., Johnston, B.D., and Schuler, H.R. 1980a. Enantiomer-based specificity in pheromone communication by two sympatric Gnathotrichus species (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 6: 445–456.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borden, J.H., Lindgren, B.S., and Chong, L. 1980b. Ethanol and α-pinene as synergists for the aggregation pheromones of two Gnathotrichus species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 10: 290–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrne, K.J., Swigar, A.A., Silverstein, R.M., Borden, J.H., and Stokkink, E. 1974. Sulcatol: population aggregation pheromone in the scolytid beetle, Gnathotrichus sulcatus . Journal of Insect Physiology, 20: 1895–1900.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cade, S.C., Hrutfiord, B.F., and Gara, R.I. 1970. Identification of a primary attractant for Gnathotrichus sulcatus isolated from western hemlock logs. Journal of Economic Entomology, 63: 1014–1015.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carson, R. 1962. Silent Spring. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, United States of America.Google Scholar
Chapman, J.A. 1962. Field studies on attack flight and log selection by the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 94: 74–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, J.A. 1966. The effect of attack by the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) on log attractiveness. The Canadian Entomologist, 98: 50–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, J.A. and Kinghorn, J.M. 1955. Window flight traps for insects. The Canadian Entomologist, 87: 46–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, J.A. and Kinghorn, J.M. 1958. Studies of flight and attack activity of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) and other scolytids. The Canadian Entomologist, 90: 362–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daterman, G.E., Rudinsky, J.A., and Nagel, W.P. 1965. Flight patterns of bark and timber beetles associated with coniferous forests of Western Oregon. Technical Bulletin No. 87. Oregon State University, Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, United States of America.Google Scholar
Dyer, E.D.A. and Chapman, J.A. 1965. Flight and attack of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.) in relation to felling date of logs. The Canadian Entomologist, 97: 42–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyer, E.D.A. and Kinghorn, J.M. 1961. Factors influencing the distribution of overwintering ambrosia beetles, Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.). The Canadian Entomologist, 93: 746–759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnegan, R.P. 1967. Environmental pollution by benzene hexachloride used for control of ambrosia beetle. Report No. 41–06. British Columbia Fish and Wildlife Branch Victoria, Canada.Google Scholar
Fockler, C.E. and Borden, J.H. 1972. Sexual behavior and seasonal mating activity of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 104: 1841–1853.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, K. 1968. Anaerobic induction of primary chemical attractancy for ambrosia beetles. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 46: 905–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, D.R. and Borden, J.H. 1985. Ambrosia beetle attack on logs before and after processing through a dryland sorting area. The Forestry Chronicle, 46: 905–908.Google Scholar
Johnston, B.D., Slessor, K.N., and Oehlschlager, A.C. 1985. Synthesis of (±)-lineatin by 2 + 2 cycloaddition of dichloroketene with a cyclic allyl ether. Journal of Organic Chemistry, 50: 114–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelsey, R.G. 1994. Ethanol synthesis in Douglas-fir felled in November, January and March and its relationship to ambrosia beetle attack. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24: 2096–2104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kinghorn, J.M. and Chapman, J.A. 1959. The overwintering of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Oliv.). Forest Science, 5: 81–92.Google Scholar
Lejeune, R.R. and Richmond, H.A. 1975. Striped ambrosia beetle. In Aerial control of forest insects in Canada. Edited by Prebble, M.L.. Canada Department of the Environment, Ottawa, Canada. Pp. 246–249.Google Scholar
Lindgren, B.S. 1983. A multiple funnel trap for scolytid beetles (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 115: 299–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindgren, B.S. 1984. Insect trap. U.S. Patent No. 4,471,563.Google Scholar
Lindgren, B.S. and Borden, J.H. 1983. Survey and mass trapping of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in timber processing areas on Vancouver Island. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 13: 481–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindgren, B.S., Borden, J.H., Chong, L., Friskie, L.M., and Orr, D.B. 1983. Factors influencing the efficiency of pheromone-baited traps for three species of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 115: 303–313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lindgren, B.S. and Fraser, R.G. 1994. Control of ambrosia beetle damage by mass trapping at a dryland sorting area in British Columbia. The Forestry Chronicle, 70: 159–163.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacConnell, J.G., Borden, J.H., Silverstein, R.M., and Stokkink, E. 1977. Isolation and tentative identification of lineatin, a pheromone from the frass of Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 3: 549–561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J.A. 1985. Ambrosia beetles: a multimillion dollar degrade problem of sawlogs in coastal British Columbia. The Forestry Chronicle, 61: 295–298.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J.A. and Borden, J.H. 1975a. Survey for Gnathotrichus sulcatus (coleoptera: Scolytidae) in a commercial sawmill with the pheromone, sulcatol. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 5: 586–591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J.A. and Borden, J.H. 1975b. Gnathotrichus sulcatus attack and breeding in freshly sawn lumber. Journal of Economic Entomology, 68: 605–606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J.A. and Borden, J.H. 1977a. Suppression of Gnathotrichus sulcatus with sulcatol-baited traps in a commercial sawmill and notes on the occurrence of G. retusus and Trypodendron lineatum . Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 7: 348–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J.A. and Borden, J.H. 1977b. Attack by Gnathotrichus sulcatus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on stumps and felled trees baited with sulcatol and ethanol. The Canadian Entomologist, 109: 675–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, J.A. and Borden, J.H. 1979. An operational pheromone-based suppression program for an ambrosia beetle, Gnathotrichus sulcatus, in a commercial sawmill. Journal of Economic Entomology, 72: 165–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moeck, H.A. 1970. Ethanol as the primary attractant for the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 102: 985–995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moeck, H.A. 1971. Field test of ethanol as a scolytid attractant. Canada Department of Fisheries and Forestry, Bi-monthly Research Notes, 64: 51–55.Google Scholar
Mori, K. and Sasaki, M. 1979. Synthesis of (±)-lineatin, the unique tricyclic pheromone of Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier). Tetrahedron Letters, 20: 1329–1332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orbay, L., McLean, J.A., Sauder, B.J., and Cottell, P.L. 1994. Economic losses resulting from ambrosia beetle infestation of sawlogs in coastal British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24: 1266–1276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prebble, M.L. and Graham, K. 1957. Studies of attack by ambrosia beetles on softwood logs on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Forest Science, 3: 90–112.Google Scholar
Richmond, H.A. 1961. Helicopters protect log booms in B.C. Canada Lumberman, 81: 40–42.Google Scholar
Richmond, H.A. and Nijholt, W.W. 1972. Water misting for log protection from ambrosia beetles in B.C. Report No. BC-P-4–72. Canadian Department of the Environment, Pacific Forest Research Centre, Victoria, Canada.Google Scholar
Shore, T.L. and Lindgren, B.S. 1996. Effect of ethanol and α-pinene on the response of the ambrosia beetle, Trypodendron lineatum, to lineatin-baited funnel and drainpipe traps. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 22: 2187–2196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shore, T.L., McLean, J.A., and Zanuncio, J.C. 1987. Reproduction and survival of the ambrosia beetle Trypodendron lineatum (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in Douglas-fir and western hemlock logs. The Canadian Entomologist, 119: 131–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stokes, T.M. and Oehlschlager, A.C. 1987. Enzyme reactions in apolar solvents: the resolution of (±)-sulcatol with porcine pancreatic lipase. Tetrahedron Letters, 28: 2091–2094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar