Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T02:39:25.121Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

SEASONAL ACTIVITY OF FEMALE BLACK FLIES (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE) IN PASTURES IN NORTHEASTERN SASKATCHEWAN

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

P.G. Mason
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 107 Science Crescent, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2
P.M. Kusters
Affiliation:
Agriculture Canada Research Station, 107 Science Crescent, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 0X2

Abstract

The black fly species Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel s.l., S. vittatum Zetterstedt s.l., S. venustum Say s.l., S. verecundum Stone and Jamnback s.l., and S. decorum Walker s.l. were collected in silhouette traps near Prince Albert, Sask., in 1986, and near Choiceland, Sask., from 1986 to 1988. The Prince Albert site was located between and within 2 km of the North and South branches of the Saskatchewan River and was 25 and 60 km south of the Whitefox River and Torch River systems. The Choiceland site, 60 km east of the Prince Albert site, was 15 km north of the main branch of the Saskatchewan River and 1/2 and 25 km south of the Whitefox River and Torch River, respectively. Simulium luggeri was the most abundant species collected at the Prince Albert site whereas S. luggeri, S. vittatum, and the S. venustumlverecundum complex were approximately equally abundant in trap catches near Choiceland over the entire season but in each study year a seasonal progression in peak abundance occurred. Black fly numbers in sweep net collections taken once, in the middle of the day, were weakly correlated with numbers in silhouette trap collections taken during an entire day.

Résumé

Les espèces de mouche noire, Simulium luggeri Nicholson et Mickel s.l., S. vittatum Zetterstedt s.l., S. venustum Say s.l., S. verecundum Stone et Jamnback s.l. et S. decorum Walker s.l. ont été recueillies aux pièges-silhouettes près de Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, en 1986, et près de Choiceland, Saskatchewan, de 1986 à 1988. Le site de Prince Albert était sis entre les branches du sud et du nord de la Rivière la Saskatchewan en dedans de 2 km de ces branches, étant 25 et 60 km, respectivement, au sud des systèmes de la Rivière Whitefox et de la Rivière Torch. Le site de Choiceland, à 60 km à l’est de celui de Prince Albert, a été sis à 15 km au nord de la branche principale de la Rivière la Saskatchewan et à 0,5 et 25 km, respectivement, au sud de la Rivière Whitefox et la Rivière Torch. Simulium luggeri a été l’espèce la plus importante recueillie au site de Prince Albert, tandis que les espèces S. luggeri, S. vittatum et le complexe S. venustumlverecundum ont été approximativement d’importance égale dans les pièges près de Choiceland pendant la saison entière, malgré qu’une progression saisonnière s’est produite pendant chaque année d’étude. Le nombre de mouches noires pris à la seine une fois par jour, à midi, ont été en faible corrélation avec le nombre pris aux pièges-silhouettes pendant une journée entière.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adler, P.H. 1986. Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaest. Ent. 22: 118.Google Scholar
Adler, P.H., and Kim, K.C.. 1984. Ecological characterization of two sibling species, IIIL-1 and IS-7, in the Simulium vittatum complex (Diptera: Simuliidae). Can. J. Zool. 62: 13081315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adler, P.H., and Kim, K.C.. 1985. The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera). Bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Bull. Penn. State Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn. 856. 88 pp.Google Scholar
Alverson, D.R., and Noblet, R.. 1976. Response of female black flies to selected meteorological factors. Environ. Ent. 5: 662665.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amano, K. 1984. Influence of some meteorological factors on seasonal and diurnal prevalence of adult black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). A. Rep. Plant Prot. N. Japan 35: 172175.Google Scholar
Ballard, J.W.O. 1989. Factors influencing silhouette-trap captures of the blackfly Austrosimulium bancrofti (Taylor) (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the Australian capital territory. Bull. ent. Res. 79: 421428.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bashir, S., Jack, M.H, and Hadi, H.M.. 1976. The diurnal activity of the chicken-biting black fly, Simulium griseicolle Becker (Diptera: Simuliidae) in northern Sudan. Bull. ent. Res. 86: 481487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellec, C., and Hebrard, G.. 1983. The daily flight activity of Simulium damnosum complex adults in the preforested area of Ivory Coast. Cah. O.R.S.T.O.M., ser. med. et Parasitol. 21: 261273.Google Scholar
Browne, S.M., and Bennett, G.F.. 1980. Color and shape as mediators of host-seeking responses of simuliids and tabanids (Diptera) in the Tantramar marshes, New Brunswick, Canada. J. Med. Ent. 17: 5862.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choe, J.C., Adler, P.H, Kim, K.C, and Taylor, R.A.J.. 1984. Flight patterns of Simulium jenningsi (Diptera: Simuliidae) in central Pennsylvania, U.S.A. J. Med. Ent. 21: 474476.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Currie, D.C. 1986. An annotated list of and keys to the immature black flies of Alberta (Diptera: Simuliidae). Mem. ent. Soc. Can. 134. 90 pp.Google Scholar
Elliott, J.M. 1977. Some methods for the statistical analysis of samples of benthic invertebrates. Freshwater Biol. Assoc. Sci. Publ. 25: 1160.Google Scholar
Fallis, A.M., and Raybould, J.N.. 1975. Response of two African simuliids to silhouettes and carbon dioxide. J. Med. ent. 12: 349351.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fredeen, F.J.H. 1961. A trap for studying the attacking behaviour of black flies, Simulium arcticum Mall. Can. Ent. 93: 7378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredeen, F.J.H. 1981. Keys to the black flies (Simuliidae) of the Saskatchewan River in Saskatchewan. Quaest. Ent. 17: 189210.Google Scholar
Fredeen, F.J.H. 1985 a. Some economic effects of outbreaks of black flies (Simulium luggeri Nicholson and Mickel) in Saskatchewan. Quaest. Ent. 21: 175208.Google Scholar
Fredeen, F.J.H. 1985 b. The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Saskatchewan. Sask. Cult. Recr. Nat. Hist. Contrib. 8. 72 pp.Google Scholar
Inaoka, T., and Okazawa, T.. 1988. Efficiency of CO2 baited traps for sampling Guatemalan simuliids. Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 39: 7779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, P.G. 1986. Evaluation of a “cow-type” silhouette trap with and without CO2 bait for monitoring populations of adult Simulium luggeri (Diptera: Simuliidae). J. Am. Mosq. Cont. Assoc. 2: 482484.Google ScholarPubMed
McCall, P.J., and Trees, A.J.. 1989. Assessment of a silhouette trap for sampling zoophilic blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Med. Vet. Ent. 3: 6165.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCreadie, J.W., Colbo, M.H, and Bennett, G.F.. 1985. The seasonal activity of hematophagous Diptera attacking cattle in insular Newfoundland. Can. Ent. 117: 9951006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, Y. 1982. Basic studies for blackfly control. 2. Evaluation of CO2-trap for sampling adult blackflies. Jpn. J. Sanit. Zool. 33: 295299.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothfels, K. 1981. Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. pp. 19–29 in Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: The Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Acad. Press Inc. (Lond.) Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Rothfels, K., and Featherston, D.. 1981. The population structure of Simulium vittatum (Zett.): the IIIL-1 and IS-7 sibling species. Can. J. Zool. 59: 18571883.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothfels, K., Feraday, R., and Kaneps, A.. 1978. A cytological description of sibling species of Simulium venustum and S. verecundum with standard maps for the subgenus Simulium Davies (Diptera). Can. J. Zool. 56: 11101128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SAS Institute. 1985. SAS User' Guide: Statistics, Version 5 Edition. Cary, NC. 957 pp.Google Scholar
Shemanchuk, J.A. 1978. A bait trap for sampling the feeding populations of blood-sucking Diptera on cattle. Quaest. Ent. 14: 433439.Google Scholar
Shemanchuk, J.A. 1987. Chapter 18. Host-seeking behaviour and host preference of Simulium arcticum. pp. 250–260 in Kim, K.C., and Merritt, R.W. (Eds.), Black Flies. Ecology, Population Management and Annotated World List. Penn. State Univ., University Park.Google Scholar
Shipp, J.L. 1985. Comparison of silhouette, sticky, and suction traps with and without dry-ice bait for sampling black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in central Alberta. Can. Ent. 117: 113117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shipp, J.L., Grace, B.W, and Schaalje, G.B.. 1987. Effects of microclimate on daily flight activity of Simulium arcticum Malloch (Diptera: Simuliidae). Int. J. Biomet. 31: 920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenk, P. 1981. Bionomics of adult blackflies. pp. 259–279 in Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: The Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Acad. Press Inc. (Lond.) Ltd., London.Google Scholar
Wrona, F.J., Culp, J.M, and Davies, R.W.. 1982. Macroinvertebrate subsampling: a simplified apparatus and approach. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39: 10511054.CrossRefGoogle Scholar