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RESIDUAL TOXICITY OF SIX PYRETHROID AND TWO ORGANOPHOSPHOROUS INSECTICIDES ON SOIL SURFACE AGAINST DARKSIDED CUTWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) ON TOBACCO IN ONTARIO1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

H. H. Cheng
H. H. Cheng
Affiliation:
Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Delhi, Ontario N4B 2W9
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Abstract

Six pyrethroids, cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate and permethrin, and two organophosphorous insecticides, acephate and chlorpyrifos, were applied to the soil surface in the greenhouse and field to evaluate their effectiveness and residual toxicity against the darksided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), in Ontario.

Four years of tests indicated that the pyrethroid insecticides were consistently similar in effectiveness and residual toxicity at the rates applied. On air-dry soil surfaces in the greenhouse, the pyrethroids were significantly more toxic and persistent than was chlorpyrifos. On moderately moist soil surfaces in the field, chlorpyrifos was as toxic to the cutworm larvae as were the pyrethroid insecticides, but less persistent. None of the pyrethroids was affected by soil moisture to the same extent as was chlorpyrifos. Acephate-treated soil surfaces, regardless of indoor or outdoor conditions, were less toxic and the toxicity less persistent than with chlorpyrifos-treated soil. Although not statistically different, the high rates of pyrethroids were consistently more toxic and persistent to the cutworm larvae than the low rates of the same materials. All the pyrethroid insecticides have excellent potential as soil treatments for controlling cutworms on tobacco.

Résumé

Six pyréthroïdes, la cyfluthrine, la cyperméthrine, la deltaméthrine, le fenvalérate, le flucythrinate et la perméthrine et deux insecticides organophosphorés, l'acéphate et le chlorpyrifos ont été appliqués à la surface du sol d'une serre et d'un champ pour évaluer leur efficacité et leur toxicité résiduelle vix-à-vis du ver-gris moissonneur, Euxoa messoria (Harris), en Ontario.

Quatre années d'essais ont permis de constater que les insecticides pyréthroïdes ont toujours la même efficacité et la même toxicité résiduelle aux doses appliquées. Sur la surface du sol de la serre séché à l'air, les pyréthroïdes ont été de beaucoup plus toxiques et persistants que le chlorpyrifos. Sur les surfaces de sol moyennement humides du champ, le chlorpyrifos s'est révélé aussi toxique pour les larves du ver-gris que ne l'étaient les insecticides pyréthroïdes, tout en étant moins persistant. L'action d'aucun des pyréthroïdes n'a été modifiée par l'humidité du sol autant que celle du chlorpyrifos. Le traitement à l'acéphate, tant à l'intérieur qu'à l'extérieur, a été le moins toxique, et la toxicité a été moins persistante que dans le traitement au chlorpyrifos. Bien qu'elles ne présentent aucune différence statistique, les doses élevées de pyréthroïdes ont toujours été plus toxiques et persistantes dans la lutte contre les larves du ver-gris que les doses de ces mêmes produits. Tous les insecticides pyréthroïdes montrent un excellent potentiel comme agent de traitement du sol dans la lutte contre le ver-gris du tabac.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 1 , January 1984 , pp. 11 - 17
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

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