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RESIDUAL ACTIVITY OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS AND PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES APPLIED TO WHEAT STORED UNDER SIMULATED WESTERN CANADIAN CONDITIONS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

N. D. G. White
N. D. G. White
Affiliation:
Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2M9
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Abstract

Wheat treated with 2,4, or 8 ppm of insecticide, on a whole-seed basis, was bioassayed with Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) adults at 30 °C and 70% RH after 4 days, 2 weeks, and then at eleven 1-month intervals. Malathion was more toxic to C. ferrugineus than to T. castaneum whereas the reverse was true for pirimiphos-methyl; malathion showed little effectiveness after 2 weeks. The pyrethroids, cypermethrin and permethrin, were more toxic to T. castaneum than to C. ferrugineus. For malathion and pirimiphos-methyl, percentage knockdown of the insects following exposure for 24 h was similar to percentage mortality after a 3-day recovery period; for cypermethrin and permethrin under the same conditions, knockdown was consistently greater than mortality. Cypermethrin at 8 ppm on wheat gave 90% knockdown of T. castaneum after 1 year of storage. Pirimiphos-methyl gave nearly 100% control of both species for 9 months at 4 ppm and 11 months at 8 ppm, and of the grain mite Acarus siro (L.) for at least 4 weeks at 8 ppm. Seed germination did not change during 1 year of storage; the levels of Penicillium spp. infection observed were much greater (about 60%) on wheat treated with pirimiphos-methyl (2, 4, 8 ppm) or cypermethrin (2 ppm) than with malathion or permethrin.

Résumé

Dans le cadre d'essais biologiques, on a mis en présence du blé traité avec 2, 4 ou 8 ppm d'insecticide (chaque graine étant pulvérisée individuellement) et des Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) et des Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) adultes à 30 °C et à 70% HR, après 4 jours, 2 semaines et puis à 11 intervalles d'un mois chacun. Le malathion était plus toxique pour C. ferrugineus que pour T. castaneum, alors que l'inverse était vrai dans le cas du pirimiphos-méthyl; le malathion était peu efficace après 2 semaines. Les pyréthroïdes, cyperméthrine et perméthrine, étaient plus toxiques pour T. castaneum que pour C. ferrugineus. Le pourcentage de paralysie des insectes après une exposition de 24 heures au malathion et au pirimiphos-méthyl était semblable au pourcentage de mortalité après une période de récupération de 3 jours; dans les mêmes conditions, la paralysie causée par la cyperméthrine et la perméthrine était constamment supérieure à la mortalité. La pulvérisation de 8 ppm de cyperméthrine sur le blé a entraîné la paralysie de 90% des T. castaneum après un an d'entreposage. Le pirimiphos-méthyl a éliminé près de 100% des deux espèces à une concentration de 4 ppm pendant 9 mois et à 8 ppm pendant 11 mois, et du ciron de la farine, Acarus siro (L.), pendant au moins 4 semaines à une concentration de 8 ppm. Il n'y a pas eu de changement dans la germination des semences pendant 1 an; la gravité de l'infection par Penicillium sp. était nettement supérieure (environ 60%) chez le blé traité avec le pirimiphos-méthyl (2, 4, 8 ppm) ou avec la cyperméthrine (2 ppm) qu'avec le malathion ou la perméthrine.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 116 , Issue 10 , October 1984 , pp. 1403 - 1410
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1984

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