Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T08:02:55.642Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PARASITOID HYPOSOTER EXIGUAE AND THE CABBAGE LOOPER, TRICHOPLUSIA NI: THE EFFECT OF HOST AGE ON OVIPOSITIONAL RATE OF THE PARASITOID AND SUCCESSFUL PARASITISM12

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Zane Smilowitz  and
Gerard F. Iwantsch
Zane Smilowitz
Affiliation:
Pesticide Research Laboratory and Graduate Study Center and Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Gerard F. Iwantsch
Affiliation:
Pesticide Research Laboratory and Graduate Study Center and Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The effect of host age of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), on ovipositional rate and successful parasitism by Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck), a solitary endoparasitoid was investigated. Success in parasitism of T. ni was correlated with host age. Successful parasitism of hosts exposed as first, second, or early third instar larvae, ranged from 83 to 88%. A decline in parasitism was observed for the remaining instars with a low of 27% for mid-fifth instar larvae.

A different relationship between host age and successful parasitism was observed in tests where all five instars of the host were presented to the parasitoid simultaneously. Successful parasitism was highest among second and third instars, approximately 75% for both, and lowest for fifth and first instars, 10% and 30%, respectively. A significantly higher rate of mortality was found for first instar hosts.

The ovipositional rate of H. exiguae was related to host age. The parasitoid deposited an average of 2.3 and 1.3 eggs per 24 h in first and second instar T. ni, respectively The number of eggs/host and degree of superparasitism declined in older individuals and differed statistically for each instar. The percentage parasitism differed statistically for all but first and second instar larvae.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 107 , Issue 7 , July 1975 , pp. 689 - 694
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1975

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arthur, A. P., Hegdekar, B. M., and Batsch, W. W.. 1972. A chemically defined, synthetic medium that induces oviposition in the parasite Itoplectis conquisitor (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Can. Ent. 104: 1251–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arthur, A. P., Hegdekar, B. M., and Rollins, L.. 1969. Component of the host hemolymph that induces oviposition in a parasitic insect. Nature 223(5209): 966–967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beegle, C. C. 1971. Effect of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus on the relationship between Trichoplusia ni and the parasite Hyposoter exiguae. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Calif., Riverside. 113 pp. Univ. microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. (Diss., Abstr., 73–5906.)Google Scholar
Danilevskii, A. S. 1965. Photoperiodism and seasonal development of insects. Oliver and Boyd, London. 283 pp. Translated by Johnston, J. and Waloff, N..Google Scholar
Doutt, R. O. 1964. Biological characteristics of entomophagous adults, pp. 145–168. In DeBach, Paul (Ed.), Biological control of insect pests and weeds. Rheinhold, New York.Google Scholar
Edwards, R. L. 1954. The host-finding oviposition behavior of Mormoniella vitripennis (Walker), a parasite of muscoid flies. Behaviour 7: 88–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilmore, J. U. 1938. Notes on Apanteles congregatus (Say) as a parasite of tobacco hornworms. J. econ. Ent. 31: 712–715.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lange, R. and Bronskill, J. F.. 1964. Reactions of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) to parasitism by Aphaereta pallipes (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), with special reference to host diet and parasitoid toxin. Z. Parasitenk. 25: 193–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, W. J. 1970. Study of species and instars of larval Heliothis parasitized by Microplitis croceipes. J. econ. Ent. 63: 363–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, W. J. and Vinson, S. B.. 1971. Suitability of certain Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as hosts for the parasite Cardiochiles nigriceps. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 64: 970–972.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lingren, P. D. et al. , 1970. Hosts and host-age preference of Campoletis perdistinctus. J. econ. Ent. 63: 518–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, P. W. 1970. Biology of and host exploitation by Pleolophus indistinctus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 63: 1502–1509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, P. W. 1972. Behavior of the parasitoid Pleolophus basizonus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in response to changes in host and parasitoid density. Can. Ent. 104: 129–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puttler, B. 1961. Biology of Hyposoter exiguae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumomidae), a parasite of lepidopterous larvae. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 54: 25–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puttler, B. 1967. Interrelationship of Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in the eastern U.S. with particular reference to encapsulation of the parasite eggs by the weevil larvae. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 60: 1031–1038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Puttler, B. and van den Bosch, R.. 1959. Partial immunity of Laphygma exigua (Hübner) to the parasite Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck). J. econ. Ent. 52: 327–329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, G. 1935. Experimental studies in insect parasitism. III. Host selection. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (B) 117–413–35.Google Scholar
Salt, G. 1941. The effects of hosts upon their insect parasites. Biol. Rev. 16: 239–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salt, G. 1963. The defence reactions of insects to metazoan parasites. Parasitology 53: 527–642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salt, G. 1970. The cellular defence reactions of insects. Univ. Printing House, Cambridge. 118 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, D. S. 1969. Diapause and photoperiodism in the parasitic wasp Nasonia vitripennis, with special reference to the nature of the photoperiodic clock. Symp. Soc. exp. Biol. 23: 301–329.Google Scholar
Schoonhoven, L. M. 1962. Diapause and the physiology of host–parasite synchronization in Bupalus piniarius L. and Eucarcelia rutilla Vill. Archs néerl. Zool. 15: 111–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smilowitz, Z. 1971. Hemolymph proteins in developing cabbage looper larvae and pupae. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 64: 340–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smilowitz, Z. 1973. Electrophoretic patterns in hemolymph protein of cabbage looper during development of the parasitoid Hyposoter exiguae. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 66: 93–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smilowitz, Z. and Iwantsch, G. F.. 1973. Relationships between the parasitoid Hyposoter exiguae and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni: Effects of host age on developmental rate of the parasitoid. Env. Ent. 2: 759–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smilowitz, Z. and Smith, C. L.. 1970. Distribution and frequencies of weight of cabbage looper larvae reared on artificial diet. J. econ. Ent. 63: 1104–1107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weseloh, R. 1971. Influence of primary (parasite) hosts on host selection of the hyperparasite Cheniloneurus noxius. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 64: 1233–1236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wylie, H. G. 1963. Some effects of host age on parasitism by Nasonia vitripennis (Walk.) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Can. Ent. 95: 881–886.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wylie, H. G. 1971. Oviposition restraint of Muscidifurax zaraptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on parasitized housefly pupae. Can. Ent. 103: 1537–1544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wylie, H. G. 1972. Oviposition restraint of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) on parasitized housefly pupae. Can. Ent. 104: 209–214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar