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REARING DIAPAUSE AND DIAPAUSE-FREE WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON AN ARTIFICIAL DIET

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R. L. Lyon ,
C. E. Richmond ,
J. L. Robertson  and
B. A. Lucas
R. L. Lyon
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, Berkeley, California
C. E. Richmond
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, Berkeley, California
J. L. Robertson
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, Berkeley, California
B. A. Lucas
Affiliation:
Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Forest Service, Berkeley, California
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Abstract

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The western spruce budworm, Choiistoneura occidentalis Freeman, which normally passes through an obligate diapause in nature, was reared in the laboratory without diapause. The critical factor for preventing diapause appeared to be the physical environment presented to the first stage larvae. The response of C. occidentalis was flexible. The 2nd stage larvae could be made to diapause or forego diapause, depending on their rearing experience in the first stage. By eliminating diapause it was possible to rear about 7½ generations per year as against about 2¼ under normal diapause conditions. The diapause of the jack-pine budworm, C. pinus pinus Freeman, and C. lambertiana californica Powell, could be prevented by the same technique. The diapause of the spruce budworm, C. fumiferana (Clemens), could not be eliminated except after several generations of selection.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 104 , Issue 3 , March 1972 , pp. 417 - 426
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1972

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