Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-r5zm4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-07T19:06:50.422Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

POTENTIAL FOR PHEROMONE-BASED MATING DISRUPTION OF THE MULLEIN BUG, CAMPYLOMMA VERBASCI (MEYER) (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

H.L. McBrien
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
G.J.R. Judd
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada V0H 1Z0
J.H. Borden
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6

Abstract

Atmospheric permeation of apple orchards with 16:1 butyl butyrate (BB): 2(E)-crotyl butyrate (CB), the sex pheromone of the mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae), demonstrated potential for pheromone-based mating disruption; atmospheric permeation with single components did not. In traps baited with 16:1 BB:CB, catches of male C. verbasci were 3, 64, and 105% of catches in nontreated controls for disruption treatments of 16:1 BB:CB, CB alone, and BB alone, respectively. With the two-component pheromone as a disruptant, catches of male C. verbasci were significantly reduced relative to controls at dispenser densities of 250, 500, and 1000 per hectare; catches were lowest at 1000 dispensers per hectare. For monitoring of operational trials, pheromone-baited open wing traps hung 1.5 m above ground were judged to be more practical than open wing traps hung 2.5 m above ground, or closed wing traps or white sticky cards at either height. Atmospheric permeation with pheromone did not affect numbers of males and females captured on nonbaited white sticky cards, and trap height did not affect catches of females. However, in pheromone-treated plots, significantly more males were captured on 2.5-m-high nonbaited cards than on 1.5-m-high cards, probably representing incidental catches of males following false trails to pheromone dispensers hung in the upper canopy. This study is the first reported example of pheromone-based disruption of orientation behavior in the Heteroptera.

Résumé

La saturation de l’atmosphère au moyen d’un mélange 16 : 1 butyrate de butyle (BB) : butyrate de crotyle-2E (CB), la pheromone sexuelle de la Punaise de la molène, Campylomma verbasci (Meyer), a démontré que la phéromone peut perturber les accouplements; la saturation de l’atmosphère au moyen de produits simples n’a pas le même effet. Les pièges garnis de 16 : 1 BB : CB et installés dans des vergers traités au moyen de 16 : 1 BB : CB, de CB seul ou de BB seul ont donné des récoltes de mâles de C. verbasci équivalentes à 3, 64 et 105% respectivement des récoltes faites dans les mêmes pièges installés dans des vergers témoins non traités. Avec la phéromone à deux composantes, les récoltes des mâles de C. verbasci ont diminué significativement par comparaison aux nombres témoins après emploi de 250, 500 et 1000 distributeurs de phéromone par hectare; c’est après utilisation de 1000 distributeurs par hectare que les récoltes se sont avérées le plus réduites. Au cours de tests en nature, des pièges à ailettes ouvertes garnis de phéromones et suspendus à 1,5 m au-dessus du sol se sont révélés plus pratiques que les pièges à ailettes ouvertes suspendus à 2,5 m au-dessus du sol, ou que les pièges à ailettes fermées ou que des cartes collantes blanches suspendues à une hauteur ou l’autre. La saturation de l’atmosphère au moyen de la phéromone n’a pas affecté le nombre de mâles ou de femelles capturés sur des cartes collantes blanches non garnies et la hauteur des pièges n’a pas affecté le nombre de femelles capturées. Cependant, dans les grilles-échantillons traitées à la phéromone, des nombres significativement plus élevés de mâles ont été capturés sur des cartes non garnies suspendues à 2,5 m du sol que sur des cartes suspendues à 1,5 m du sol, représentant probablement des captures accidentelles de mâles suivant de fausses pistes vers des distributeurs de phéromone suspendus dans le haut du feuillage. Il s’agit là du premier cas de perturbation du comportement d’orientation causé par une phéromone jamais rapporté chez un hétéroptère.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baker, T.C, Staten, R.T., and Flint, H.M.. 1990. Use of pink bollworm pheromone in the southwestern United States. pp. 417–436 in Ridgway, R.L., Silverstein, R.M., and Insco, M.N. (Eds.), Behavior-Modifying Chemicals for Insect Management: Applications of Pheromones and Other Attractants. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. 761 pp.Google Scholar
Beers, E.H. 1992. Campylomma still a challenge for Northwest growers. Good Fruit Grower 43: 3235.Google Scholar
British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food. 1995. Tree Fruit Production Guide for Commercial Growers for Interior Districts. Victoria, B.C.154 pp.Google Scholar
Cardé, R.T., and Minks, A.K.. 1995. Control of moth pests by mating disruption: Successes and constraints. Annual Review of Entomology 40: 559585.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charmillot, P.-J. 1990. Mating disruption technique to control codling moth in western Switzerland. pp. 165–182 in Ridgway, R.L., Silverstein, R.M., and Inscoe, M.N. (Eds.), Behavior-Modifying Chemicals for Insect Management: Applications of Pheromones and Other Attractants. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. 761 pp.Google Scholar
Huddleston, P.M., Mitchell, E.B., and Wilson, N.M.. 1977. Disruption of boll weevil communication. Journal of Economic Entomology 70: 8385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Judd, G.J.R., and McBrien, H.L.. 1994. Modeling temperature-dependent development and hatch of overwintered eggs of Campylomma verbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae). Environmental Entomology 23: 12241234.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mason, L.J., and Jansson, R.K.. 1991. Disruption of sex pheromone communication in Cylas formicarius (Coleoptera: Apionidae) as a potential means of control. Florida Entomologist 74: 469472.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBrien, H.L., Judd, G.J.R., and Borden, J.H.. 1994 a. Campylomma verbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae): Pheromone-based seasonal flight patterns and prediction of nymphal densities in apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology 87: 12241229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McBrien, H.L., Judd, G.J.R., Borden, J.H., and Smith, R.F.. 1994 b. Development of sex pheromone-baited traps for monitoring Campylomma verbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae). Environmental Entomology 23: 442446.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minks, A.K., and Cardé, R.T.. 1988. Disruption of pheromone communication in moths: Is the natural blend really most efficacious? Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 49: 2536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, R.E., and Kirsch, P.. 1990. Mating disruption of oriental fruit moth in the United States. pp. 193–212 in Ridgway, R.L., Silverstein, R.M., and Inscoe, M.N. (Eds.), Behavior-Modifying Chemicals for Insect Management: Applications of Pheromones and Other Attractants. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. 761 pp.Google Scholar
Ridgway, R.L., Silverstein, R.M., and Inscoe, M.N. (Eds.). 1990. Behavior-Modifying Chemicals for Insect Management: Applications of Pheromones and Other Attractants. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY. 761 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, R.F. 1991. The mullein bug, Campylomma verbasci. pp. 199–214 in Williams, K. (Ed.), New Directions in Tree Fruit Pest Management. Good Fruit Grower, Yakima, WA. 214 pp.Google Scholar
Smith, R.F., and Borden, J.H.. 1990. Relationship between catches of Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae) in traps baited with females in the fall and the density of nymphs in the spring. Journal of Economic Entomology 83: 15061509.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, R.F., Pierce, H.D. Jr., and Borden, J.H.. 1991. Sex pheromone of the mullein bug Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 17: 14371447.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Smith, R.F., Pierce, H.D. Jr., Borden, J.H., Chong, L.J., and Hay, N.. 1992. Method and Composition for Attracting Mullein Bug. U.S. Patent No. 5143725.Google Scholar
Thistlewood, H.M.A. 1986. The Bionomics and Monitoring of Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) on Apple in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia. Ph.D. thesis, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C.199 pp.Google Scholar
Thistlewood, H.M.A., Borden, J.H. and McMullen, R.D.. 1990. Seasonal abundance of the mullein bug Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae). The Canadian Entomologist 122: 10451058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thistlewood, H.M.A., McMullen, R.D., and Borden, J.H.. 1989. Damage and economic injury levels of the mullein bug Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) (Heteroptera: Miridae) on apple in the Okanagan Valley. The Canadian Entomologist 122: 10451058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical Analysis, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood, NJ. 718 pp.Google Scholar