Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:15:50.842Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Potential for pheromone-baited traps to predict seed loss caused by Contarinia oregonensis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

P. Morewood ,
W.D. Morewood ,
R.G. Bennett  and
G. Gries
P. Morewood
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
W.D. Morewood
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
R.G. Bennett
Affiliation:
British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Saanichton, British Coumbia, Canada V8M 1W4
G. Gries*
Affiliation:
Centre for Environmental Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

In seed orchards of Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), located in Washington State and Oregon, United States, we tested whether catches of male Douglas-fir cone gall midges, Contarinia oregonensis Foote, in pheromone-baited traps can be used to predict the extent of galled scales (= seed loss at harvest) caused by developing larvae. In 2000, 27 experimental blocks (4–7 ha each) were selected. In each block we recorded mean numbers of (i) male C. oregonensis captured in 20 pheromone-baited Wing traps, (ii) egg-infested scales in up to 50 conelets in early spring, and (iii) galled scales in up to 50 cones in late summer. In 2001, the experiment was repeated with 20 Delta traps in each of 26 experimental blocks. Moreover, catches of C. oregonensis and nontarget insects in Delta traps and Wing traps were compared in one additional orchard block in 2001. In both years there were positive correlations between mean numbers of egg-infested and galled scales and between mean numbers of captured male C. oregonensis and mean numbers of both egg-infested and galled scales, particularly when only experimental blocks with ≥50% of trees bearing at least 5 conelets were considered. Our results suggest that 4 or 2 captured male C. oregonensis in Wing or Delta traps, respectively, warrant insecticidal control of C. oregonensis. Delta traps, which captured fewer nontarget insects, would be more suitable than Wing traps for operational implementation of this technology.

Résumé

Dans des pépinières à graines de sapins de Douglas, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Pinaceae), situées dans le Washington et l'Oregon, États-Unis, nous avons vérifié si les récoltes de cécidomyies Contarinia oregonensis Foote dans les pièges à phéromones peuvent servir à prédire l'importance du nombre d'écaillés porteuses de galles (perte de graines au moment de la récolte) causées par les larves en développement. En 2000, 27 blocs expérimentaux (4–7 ha chacun) ont été délimités. Dans chaque bloc, nous avons noté le nombre moyen (i) de mâles de C. oregonensis capturés dans 20 pièges à phéromones à ailettes (Wing traps), (ii) d'écaillés infestées d'oeufs dans des petits cônes (jusqu'à 50) au début du printemps et (iii) d'écaillés porteuses de galles dans des cônes (jusqu'à 50) à la fin de l'été. En 2001, l'expérience a été répétée avec des 20 pièges Delta dans 26 blocs expérimentaux. De plus, les récoltes de C. oregonensis et d'autres insectes non ciblés dans les pièges Delta et les pièges à ailettes ont été comparées dans un bloc additionnel en 2001. Au cours des 2 années, nous avons trouvé des corrélations positives entre le nombre moyen d'écaillés infestées d'oeufs et le nombre d'écaillés porteuses de galles, entre le nombre moyen de mâles de C. oregonensis capturés et le nombre moyen d'écaillés infestées d'oeufs ou porteuses de galles, particulièrement lorsque seuls les blocs expérimentaux comptant ≥ 50% d'arbres portant au moins 5 petits cônes avaient été pris en compte. Nos résultats indiquent que lorsque les pièges à ailettes capturent 4 mâles de C. oregonensis et les pièges Delta, 2 mâles, il faut procéder à une lutte insecticide. Les pièges Delta, qui capturent moins d'insectes non ciblés, sont mieux adaptés que les pièges à ailettes à l'application de cette technologie.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 134 , Issue 5 , October 2002 , pp. 689 - 697
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Campion, D.C. 1984. Survey of pheromone uses in pest control. pp 405–37 in Hummel, H.E., Miller, T.A. (Eds), Techniques in pheromone research. New York: Springer-VerlagGoogle Scholar
Elkinton, J.S., Cardé, R.T. 1981. The use of pheromone traps to monitor distribution and population trends of the gypsy moth. pp 41– in Mitchell, E.R. (Ed), Management of insect pests with semiochemicals: concept and practice. New York: Plenum PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grant, G.G. 1991. Development and use of pheromones for monitoring lepidopteran forest defoliators in North America. Forest Ecology and Management 39: 153–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gries, R., Khaskin, G., Gries, G., Bennett, R.G., King, G.S.S., Morewood, P., Slessor, K.N., Morewood, W.D. 2002. (Z,Z)-4,7-Tridecadien-(S)-2-yl acetate: sex pheromone of Contarinia oregonensis. Journal of Chemical Ecology 28. In pressGoogle Scholar
Harris, M.O., Foster, S.P. 1999. Gall midges. pp 27–49in Hardie, J., Minks, A.K. (Eds), Pheromones of non-lepidopteran insects associated with agricultural plants. Oxford, England: CAB InternationalGoogle Scholar
Hedlin, A.F. 1961. The life history and habits of a midge, Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Douglas-fir cones. The Canadian Entomologist 93: 952–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G.E. 1983. When is controlling cone and seed insects in Douglas-fir seed orchards justified? Forestry Chronicle 59: 304–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G.E. 1986 a. Distribution of Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) eggs in Douglas-fir seed orchards and a method of estimating egg density. The Canadian Entomologist 118: 1291–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G.E. 1986 b. Damage prediction for Contarinia oregonensis Foote (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Douglas-fir seed orchards. The Canadian Entomologist 118: 1297–306CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, G.E., Borden, J.H. 1981. Evidence for a sex pheromone in the Douglas-fir cone gall midge. Canadian Forest Service Research Notes 1: 9–Google Scholar
Miller, G.E., Ruth, D.S. 1989. The relative importance of cone and seed insect species on commercially important conifers in British Columbia. pp 25– in Miller, G.E. (Ed), Proceedings of the 3rd Cone and Seed Insects Working Party Conference, Victoria, British Columbia, 26– June 1988. Victoria, British Columbia: Pacific Forestry Centre, Forestry CanadaGoogle Scholar
Miller, G.E., Hedlin, A.F., Ruth, D.S. 1984. Damage by two Douglas-fir cone and seed insects: Correlation with cone crop size. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 81: 46–Google Scholar
Ruth, D.S. 1980. A guide to insect pests in Douglas-fir seed orchards. Victoria, British Columbia: Pacific Forestry Centre, Forestry CanadaGoogle Scholar
Wall, C. 1990. Principles of monitoring. pp 9– in Ridgeway, R.L., Silverstein, R.M., Inscoe, M.N. (Eds), Behaviour-modifying chemicals for insect management. New York: Marcel DekkerGoogle Scholar
Weber, D.C., Ferro, D.N. 1991. Non-target noctuids complicate integrated pest management monitoring of sweet corn with pheromone traps in Massachusetts. Journal of Economic Entomology 84: 1364–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zar, J.H. 1999. Biostatistical analysis. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall IncGoogle Scholar