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POPULATION TRENDS OF A SPECIALIST HERBIVORE, THE SPRUCE BUD MOTH, IN YOUNG WHITE SPRUCE STANDS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Don P. Ostaff  and
Dan T. Quiring
Don P. Ostaff*
Affiliation:
Atlantic Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, P.O. Box 4000, Regent Street, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 5P7
Dan T. Quiring
Affiliation:
Population Ecology Group, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada E3B 6C2
*
1 Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed (E-mail: [email protected]).
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Abstract

We investigated the factors responsible for changes in abundance of the spruce bud moth, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. and Free. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in one unmanaged and several managed (i.e., planted) young white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss (Pinaceae), stands in northern New Brunswick, Canada. Spruce bud moth densities declined when one stand closed (branches from neighbouring trees overlapped) and had already declined in another similarly aged closed stand, but remained high on 8- to 22-year-old open-grown white spruce. Both the intrageneration survival rate and the egg-to-moth ratios increased when population densities increased, and generally decreased, although the egg-to-moth ratio fluctuated, during the population decline in a managed stand. Increases in intrageneration survival rates of spruce bud moth on 5- to 10-year-old trees were due to increased larval or pupal survival. Crown closure explained 76 and 81% of the variability in larval and intrageneration survival, respectively, in four managed stands. The strong inverse relationship between larval survival and degree of crown closure resulted in statistically significant but spurious relationships between larval survival and larval density and between larval survival and tree age. A reduction in larval survival occurring as degree of crown closure increased was the most important factor influencing decreases in intrageneration survival at the beginning of population decline. Increases in the egg-to-moth ratio during the population increase, and decrease during population decline, suggested that dispersal behaviour and (or) realized fecundity of females also contributed to annual changes in population.

Résumé

Nous avons étudié les facteurs à l’origine de la variation dans l’abondance de la tordeuse de l’épinette, Zeiraphera canadensis Mut. et Free. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) dans un peuplement naturel et dans plusieurs peuplements aménagés de jeunes épinettes blanches (plantées), Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss (Pinaceae), dans le Nord du Nouveau-Brunswick, au Canada. Les densités de tordeuses de l’épinette ont diminué lorsqu’un peuplement s’est refermé (les branches des arbres avoisinants se sont rejointes) et elles avaient déjà diminué dans un autre peuplement fermé d’âge semblable, mais elles sont restées élevées dans des épinettes blanches âgées de 8 à 22 ans qui étaient en situation de croissance libre. Le taux de survie intragénération du ravageur et la proportion oeufs-papillons ont varié au cours de la baisse de population de tordeuses dans un peuplement aménagé. Les augmentations des taux de survie intragénération de la tordeuse de l’épinette sur des arbres âgés de 5 à 10 ans sont attribuables au nombre accru de larves ou de nymphes qui ont survécu. La fermeture du couvert explique les écarts de 76 et de 81% dans la variation du taux de survie des larves et du taux de survie intragénération, en particulier dans quatre peuplements aménagés. La relation inverse prononcée entre la survie des larves et le degré de fermeture du couvert forestier a donné lieu à des rapports statistiquement importants, mais à des relations parasites entre la survie et la densité des larves et entre la survie des larves et l’âge des arbres. Le facteur le plus important de la diminution du taux de survie intragénération au début du déclin de la population a été la diminution du taux de survie des larves à la suite du resserrement accru du couvert. L’augmentation de la proportion oeufs-papillons en même temps que l’augmentation de la population et sa diminution pendant une baisse de population laissent entendre que ce comportement de dispersion et (ou) la fécondité réelle des femelles a également contribué aux variations annuelles de la population.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 132 , Issue 6 , December 2000 , pp. 825 - 842
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2000

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