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PHENOLOGY OF FALL DISPERSAL BY WINTERFORM PEAR PSYLLA (HOMOPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) IN RELATION TO LEAF FALL AND WEATHER

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David R. Horton ,
Everett C. Burts ,
Thomas R. Unruh ,
James L. Krysan ,
Leonard B. Coop  and
Brian A. Croft
David R. Horton
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Boulevard, Yakima, Washington, USA 98902
Everett C. Burts
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Boulevard, Yakima, Washington, USA 98902
Thomas R. Unruh
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Boulevard, Yakima, Washington, USA 98902
James L. Krysan
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Boulevard, Yakima, Washington, USA 98902
Leonard B. Coop
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Boulevard, Yakima, Washington, USA 98902
Brian A. Croft
Affiliation:
USDA-ARS, 3706 West Nob Hill Boulevard, Yakima, Washington, USA 98902
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Abstract

Phenology of fall dispersal into apple orchards is described for winterform pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, in orchards located in Yakima and Wenatchee, Washington. Psylla in both regions first appeared on pear in mid to late September, reaching peak densities in late October or early to mid November, and then decreased in numbers to a low in December. Movement onto apple began in October; peak counts on apple occurred in late November to early December. There was considerable variation among years in phenology of leaf fall in pear and numbers of psylla entering apple. Leaf fall in pear was delayed in a cool, wet fall (1991) compared with warmer and drier years (1990 and 1992), and temperatures during leaf fall were consequently lower in 1991. Numbers of psylla moving onto apple were considerably lower in 1991 than 1990 or 1992. Catch on sticky traps and dispersal rates onto apple were both positively correlated with rates of leaf fall in pear, temperature, and density of psylla on pear.

Résumé

La dispersion d’automne de la Psylle du poirier, Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster, dans les vergers de pommiers a été étudiée à Yakima et Wenatchee, Washington. Dans les deux régions, les psylles apparaissent d’abord dans les poiriers de la mi-septembre à la fin de septembre, puis leur nombre diminue jusqu’en décembre. Les psylles gagnent les pommiers en octobre et c’est à la fin de novembre et au début de décembre qu’elles y sont le plus abondantes. La phénologie de la chute des feuilles de poirier varie considérablement d’une année à l’autre et le nombre de psylles qui gagnent les pommiers également. Par exemple, la chute des feuilles de poirier a été beaucoup plus tardive en 1991, année où l’automne a été frais et humide, qu’en 1990 ou 1992 où l’automne a été plus chaud et plus sec; les températures durant la chute des feuilles étaient nécessairement aussi plus basses en 1991. Le nombre de psylles qui ont envahi les pommiers a été beaucoup plus faible en 1991 qu’en 1990 ou 1992. Les captures dans les pièges collants et les taux de dispersion dans les pommiers étaient en corrélation positive avec les taux de chute des feuilles des poiriers, avec la température et avec la densité des psylles sur les poiriers.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 126 , Issue 1 , February 1994 , pp. 111 - 120
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1994

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