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PATTERNS OF FEEDING INJURY TO POTATO BY THE POTATO FLEA BEETLE (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN MANITOBA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

S.F. Pernal
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
D.G. Senanayake
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
N.J. Holliday*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
*
2 Author to whom reprint requests should be sent.

Abstract

The amount and distribution of foliar feeding injury by adult potato flea beetles, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), were examined on individually caged potato plants grown in field plots in Manitoba. Plants were either maintained as uninfested controls, or were exposed throughout the growing season to different insect densities that mimicked the natural seasonal pattern of infestation. In 1984, a trial was conducted using cv. ‘Norland’ exposed to four different densities of potato flea beetles. In 1989 and 1990, cv. ‘Russet Burbank’ was exposed to potato flea beetles, and in some treatments, plants were exposed to early summer infestations of Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). In each trial, during the late summer period of high potato flea beetle density, the amount and distribution of flea beetle feeding injury were assessed at weekly intervals. Counts of feeding punctures in single leaflets were made from leaves in the upper, middle, and lower third of each caged plant, and these data were subjected to repeated measures analysis of variance. In each of the 3 years, increasing the number of flea beetles increased the mean number of feeding punctures per leaflet in an approximately linear fashion; however, the number of punctures per beetle varied between cultivars and years. In 1984 and 1990, the number of feeding punctures per leaflet was least in the upper third of the plants, and greater in the lower, or middle and lower, third of plants. However, in 1989, the vertical distribution of feeding punctures was relatively even. Previous feeding by Colorado potato beetles increased the mean number of flea beetle feeding punctures per leaflet and changed the vertical distribution of feeding punctures. Rainfall and temperature were correlated with patterns of flea beetle injury; injury was concentrated on lower leaflets during weeks of greater rainfall, and upper leaflets were injured most during weeks with higher average temperatures. It is concluded that flea beetles exhibit preferences for feeding in specific portions of potato plants, and that these preferences change in response to previous defoliation and are influenced by meteorological conditions. Consequently, counting feeding punctures would not be a reliable method of assessing whether control measures for potato flea beetles are justified.

Résumé

Le montant et la distribution de dommage au feuillage causé par les piqûres d’alimentation de l’altise de la pomme de terre, Epitrix cucumeris (Harris), furent examinés sur des plants de pommes de terre individuels en cages plantés dans des lots de terrain au Manitoba. Les plants furent maintenus soit comme contrôles non infestés, ou furent exposés, pendant la saison de croissance à différentes densités d’insectes qui imitaient le patron saisonnier d’infestations naturelles. En 1984, un essai fut mené en utilisant cv. ‘Norland’ exposé à quatre densités différentes de l’altise de la pomme de terre. En 1989 et 1990, cv. ‘Russet Burbank’ fut exposé aux altises de la pomme de terre, et dans certains traitements, au début de l’été, les plants furent exposés à des infestations de doryphores de la pomme de terre, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). A chaque essai, vers la fin de l’été, au cours de la période de haute densité de l’altise de la pomme de terre, la quantité et la distribution de blessures par nutrition de l’altise furent évaluées une fois la semaine. Des comptes furent fait des piqûres d’alimentation sur le tiers des feuilles du haut, du centre et du bas de chaque plante en cage, et ces données furent sujettes à des mesures répétées d’analyse de variance. Dans chacune des 3 années, l’augmentation du nombre d’altises de la pomme de terre augmentait le nombre moyen de piqûres d’alimentation par feuille de façon linéaire approximative, cependant, le nombre de piqûres par coléoptère variait entre les cultures et les années. En 1984 et 1990, le nombre de piqûres d’alimentation par feuille fut moindre dans le tiers haut de plants, et plus grand dans le tiers bas, ou le tiers centre et bas des plants. Cependant, en 1989, la distribution verticale des piqûres d’alimentation fut relativement égale. L’alimentation précédente par le doryphore de la pomme de terre augmenta la moyenne de piqûres par feuille et changea la distribution verticale des piqûres d’alimentation. La chute de pluie et la température furent mises en corrélation avec les modèles de dommage de l’altise de la pomme de terre; le dommage fut concentré sur les feuilles inférieures pendant les semaines de chutes de pluie plus élevées et les feuilles supérieures furent plus endommagées pendant les semaines de températures plus élevées que la normale. La conclusion est que l’altise de la pomme de terre préfère s’alimenter de parties spécifiques des plants de pommes de terre, et que ces préférences changent dépendant des défoliations précédentes et sont influencées par les conditions météorologiques. En conséquence, compter les piqûres d’alimentation ne serait pas une méthode fiable pour évaluer si les mesures de contrôle pour l’altise de la pomme de terre sont justifiées.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1996

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