Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T12:04:57.087Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

THE OPTIMUM POPULATION STRATEGY FOR PLANTHOPPERS (HOMOPTERA: DELPHACIDAE) IN STABLE MARSH HABITATS1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Robert F. Denno
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742

Abstract

The wing-morph composition of populations of planthoppers exploiting stable and temporally uncertain resources was determined. In stable habitats like salt and fresh water marshes, the optimum population strategy of most planthoppers is to produce flightless brachypters which can efficiently use and remain on the immediate resource. Macropters, which can fly, are more adaptive and predominate in temporary habitats because they can emigrate and colonize new resources when conditions are no longer suitable.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, D. A. 1963. Factors influencing vascular plant zonation in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecol. Monogr. 44: 445456.Google Scholar
Blum, J. L. 1968. Salt marsh spartinas and associated algae. Ecol. Monogr. 38: 199221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdeau, P. F. and Adams, D. A.. 1956. Factors in vegetational zonation of salt marshes near Southport, N.C. Bull. ecol. Soc. Am. 37: 68.Google Scholar
Brinkhurst, R. O. 1963. Observations on wing-polymorphism in the Heteroptera. Proc. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 38: 1522.Google Scholar
Chapman, V. J. 1940. Studies in salt marsh ecology. Sections VI–VII. Comparison with marshes on the east coast of North America. J. Ecol. 28: 118152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chapman, V. J. 1960. Salt marshes and salt deserts of the world. Leonard Hill Books, London.Google Scholar
Davis, L. V. and Gray, I. E.. 1966. Zonal and seasonal distribution of insects in North Carolina salt marshes. Ecol. Monogr. 36: 275295.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denno, R. F. 1976. Ecological significance of wing polymorphism in Fulgoroidea which inhabit tidal salt marshes. Ecol. Ent. 1: 257266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dethier, V. G. 1954. Evolution of feeding preferences in phytophagous insects. Evolution 8: 3354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dingle, H. 1972. Migration strategies of insects. Science 175: 13271335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dingle, H. 1974. The experimental analysis of migration and life-history strategies in insects, pp. 329342. In Browne, L. Barton (Ed.), Experimental analysis of insect behavior. Berlin.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, W. H. 1974. Vascular halophytes of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America north of Mexico, pp. 2350. In Reimold, R. J. and Queen, W. H. (Eds.), Ecology of Halophytes. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ehrlich, P. R. and Raven, P. H.. 1965. Butterflies and plants: A study in coevolution. Evolution 18: 586608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feeny, P. 1975. Biochemical coevolution between plants and their insect herbivores, pp. 319. In Gilbert, L. E. and Raven, P. H. (Eds.), Coevolution of animals and plants. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Jackson, C. R. 1952. Some topographic and edaphic factors affecting distribution in a tidal marsh. Ql J. Florida Acad. Sci. 15: 137146.Google Scholar
Järvinen, O. and Vepsäläinen, K.. 1976. Wing dimorphism as an adaptive strategy in water-striders (Gerris). Hereditas 84: 6168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, G. G. 1969. Migration and dispersal of insects by flight. Methuen, London.Google Scholar
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1906. Leaf-hoppers and their natural enemies. Bull. Hawaiian Suger Planters' Assn. 1: 271479.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. 1965. Studies on the polymorphism and its role playing in the population growth of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Bull. Shikohu agric. Exp. Stn 13. 106 pp.Google Scholar
Kisimoto, R. 1976. Synoptic weather conditions inducing long-distance immigration of planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera Horvath and Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Ecol. Ent. 1: 95109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kramer, J. P. 1973. Revision of the American planthoppers of the genus Stobaera (Homoptera: Delphacidae) with new distributional data and host plant records. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 75: 379402.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. H. 1960. On the relative abundance of species. Am. Nat. 94: 2536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacArthur, R. H. and Wilson, E. O.. 1967. The theory of island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J.Google Scholar
Miller, W. R. and Egler, F. E.. 1950. Vegetation of the Wequetequock-Pawcatuck tide-marshes, Connecticut. Ecol. Monogr. 20: 143172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mobberley, D. G. 1956. Taxonomy and distribution of the genus Spartina. J. Sci. Iowa St. College 30: 471574.Google Scholar
Nasu, S. 1969. The virus diseases of the rice plant. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Md.Google Scholar
Osborn, A. W. 1969. Polymorphism in males of the sugarcane leafhopper, Perkinsiella saccharicida. Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 62: 247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pianka, E. R. 1970. On r- and K-selection. Am. Nat. 104: 592597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raatikainen, M. 1967. Bionomics, enemies and population dynamics of Javesella pellucida (F.) (Hom., Delphacidae). Ann. Agric. Fenn. 6: 1149.Google Scholar
Redfield, A. C. 1972. Development of a New England salt marsh. Ecol. Monogr. 42: 201237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. 1960. The flight activity of Heteroptera. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 112: 173220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. 1962. Migration of terrestrial arthropods in relation to habitat. Biol. Rev. 37: 171214.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E., May, R. M., Hassell, M. P., and Conway, G. R.. 1974. Ecological strategies and population parameters. Am. Nat. 108: 791804.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squiers, E. R. and Good, R. E.. 1974. Seasonal changes in the productivity, caloric content and chemical composition of a population of salt marsh cord-grass (Spartina alterniflora). Chesapeake Sci. 15: 6371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tsai, P., Hwang, F., Feng, W., Fu, Y., and Dong, Q.. 1964. Study on Delphacodes striatella Fallen (Homoptera, Delphacidae) in north China. Acta Ent. Sinica 13: 552571.Google Scholar
Turner, R. E. and Gosselink, J. G.. 1975. A note on standing crops of Spartina alterniflora in Texas and Florida. Contr. Marine Sci. 19: 113118.Google Scholar
Vepsäläinen, K. 1973. The distribution and habits of Gerris Fabr. species (Heteroptera, Gerridae) in Finland. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 10: 419444.Google Scholar
Vepsäläinen, K. 1974 a. The wing lengths, reproductive stages and habitats of Hungarian Gerris Fabr. species (Heteroptera, Gerridae). Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. (A) (IV Biologica) 202: 118.Google Scholar
Vepsäläinen, K. 1974 b. The life cycles and wing lengths of Finnish Gerris Fabr. species (Heteroptera, Gerridae). Acta Zool. Fenn. 141. 73 pp.Google Scholar
Waisel, U. 1972. Biology of Halophytes. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Williams, J. R. 1957. The sugarcane Delphacidae and their natural enemies in Mauritius. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 109: 65110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar