Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T03:38:17.751Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

NYMPHAL CHARACTERS AND HIGHER CLASSIFICATION ANALYSIS IN THE MIRIDAE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA) WITH A SUBFAMILY KEY BASED ON THE NYMPHS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A. E. Akingbohungbe
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Science, University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Abstract

A key to the subfamilies of Miridae based on fourth and fifth instar nymphs is provided and the value of some nymphal characters in arriving at relationships between the subfamilies is discussed. It is suggested that the reduction of parempodia to bristles most likely occurred twice in the family rather than that membranous parempodia were twice evolved. The Hyaliodes group is reviewed and the subfamily status accorded it by some authors is confirmed.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1974

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Carvalho, J. C. M. 1952. On the major classification of the Miridae (Hemiptera). (With keys to subfamilies and tribes and a catalogue of the world genera.) Anais Acad. bras. Cienc. 24: 31110.Google Scholar
Carvalho, J. C. M. 1955. Keys to the genera of Miridae of the world (Hemiptera). Bol. Mus. paraense Emilio Goeldi 11: 1151.Google Scholar
Carvalho, J. C. M. 1957. A catalogue of the Miridae of the world, 1. Arq. Mus. nac., Rio de J. 44: 1158.Google Scholar
Carvalho, J. C. M. and Drake, C. J.. 1943. A new genus and two new species of Neotropical Dicyphinae (Hemiptera). Revta bras. Biol. 3: 8789.Google Scholar
Cobben, R. H. 1968. Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera, 1. Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. Centre for Agric. Publ. and Documentation, Wageningen.Google Scholar
DeCoursey, R. M. 1971. Keys to the families and subfamilies of the nymphs of North American Hemiptera: Heteroptera. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 73: 413428.Google Scholar
Herring, J. L. and Ashlock, P. D.. 1971. A key to the nymphs of the families of Hemiptera: Heteroptera of America north of Mexico. Fla Ent. 54: 207212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelton, L. A. 1959. Male genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). Can. Ent. Suppl. 11. 72 pp.Google Scholar
Knight, H. H. 1923. Miridae, pp. 422658. In Britton, W. (Ed.), Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Bull. Conn. St. geol. nat. Hist. Surv., No. 34.Google Scholar
Knight, H. H. 1941. The plant bugs or Miridae of Illinois. Bull. Ill. nat. Hist. Surv., No. 22. 234 pp.Google Scholar
Knight, H. H. 1943. Hyaliodinae, new subfamily of Miridae (Hemiptera). Ent. News 54: 119121.Google Scholar
Kullenberg, B. 1947. Über Morphologie und Funktion des Kopulation sapparates bei Capsiden und Nabiden. Zool. Bidr. Uppsala 24: 217418.Google Scholar
Lawson, F. A. 1959. Identification of the nymphs of common families of Hemiptera. J. Kans. ent. Soc. 32: 8892.Google Scholar
Leston, D. 1957. Cytotaxonomy of Miridae and Nabidae (Hemiptera). Chromosoma 8: 609616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leston, D. 1961. Testis follicle number and the higher systematics of Miridae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 137: 89106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leston, D. and Scudder, G. G. E.. 1956. A key to the larvae of the families of British Hemiptera: Heteroptera. Entomologist 89: 223231.Google Scholar
Reuter, O. M. 1905. Hemipterologische Spekulationen. 1. Die Classification der Capsiden. Festschr. fur Palmen. 58 pp.Google Scholar
Reuter, O. M. 1910. Neue Beitrage zur Phylogenie und Systematik der Miriden nebst einleitenden Bemerkungen über die Phylogenie der Heteropteren-Familien. Mit einer Stammbaum-stafel. Acta Soc. Sci. fenn. 37: 1169.Google Scholar
Schuh, R. T. 1972 (unpub). The Orthotylinae and Phylinae (Hemiptera: Miridae) of South Africa with a phylogenetic analysis of the antmimetic tribes of the two subfamilies for the world. Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Connecticut, U.S.A.Google Scholar
Slater, J. A. 1950. An investigation of the female genitalia as taxonomic characters in the Miridae (Hemiptera). 1a St. Coll. J. Sci. 25: 181.Google Scholar
Slater, J. A. and Sweet, M. H.. 1961. A contribution to the higher classification of the Megalonotinae (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 54: 203209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sweet, M. H. 1967. The tribal classification of the Rhyparochrominae (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae). Ann. ent. Soc. Am. 60: 208226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar