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NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF THE GENUS CHELOMIDEOPSIS ROMIJN (ACARI: ARRENUROIDEA: ATHIENEMANNIIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Ian M. Smith
Ian M. Smith
Affiliation:
Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Agriculture Canada, Research Branch, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6
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Abstract

Morphological, life history, and distributional data are presented for North American species of the genus Chelomideopsis Romijn. Chelomideopsis brunsoni (Cook) and C. besselingi (Cook) are redescribed on the basis of larvae, deutonymphs, and adults. Larvae and female adults of C. brunsoni, and deutonymphs of both of these species, are described for the first time. The mite described by Cook (1955) as the allotype female of C. brunsoni is correctly identified as a female of Platyhydracarus juliani Smith (1989). Four new species are described as follows: C. occidentalis sp.nov. (deutonymphs and adults), C. siskiyouensis sp.nov. (adults), C. minuta sp.nov. (female adults), and C. gledhilli sp.nov. (adults). A new diagnosis is proposed for Chelomideopsis based on knowledge of all active instars. New hypotheses on the phylogeny of species of the genus are presented, permitting the first assessment of zoogeography in this group of mites. The genus probably originated in Laurasia during the late Cretaceous or early Tertiary, and diversified and became widely dispersed in North America and Eurasia during the Tertiary. Mites of the genus apparently were adapted for the temperate climate that persisted until late Tertiary times, and were displaced to southern refugial areas by habitat destruction and climatic cooling associated with episodes of Pleistocene glaciation. The various species are now beginning to reinvade recently deglaciated areas from their Wisconsinan refugia, as they and their host chironomids colonize suitable spring and small stream habitats.

Résumé

On trouvera ici les résultats d’une étude sur la morphologie, le cycle biologique et la répartition des espèces nord-américaines du genre Chelomideopsis Romijn. L’examen de larves, de deutonymphes et d’adultes a permis d’élaborer une nouvelle description de Chelomideopsis brunsoni (Cook) et de C. besselingi (Cook). Les larves et les femelles adultes de C. brunsoni et les deutonymphes des deux espèces sont décrites pour la première fois. L’acarien décrit par Cook (1955) comme l’allotype femelle de C. brunsoni est en fait une femelle de Platyhydracarus juliani Smith (1989). Quatre nouvelles espèces sont décrites : C. occidentalis sp.nov. (deutonymphes et adultes), C. siskiyouensis sp.nov. (adultes), C. minuta sp.nov. (femelles adultes) et C. gledhilli sp.nov. (adultes). Une diagnose révisée de Chelomideopsis, basée sur la connaissance de tous les stades actifs, est proposée. De nouvelles hypothèses sur la phylogénie des espèces du genre ont été formulées, permettant ainsi un premier survol de la zoogéographie de ce groupe d’acariens. Le genre est probablement apparu en Laurasie, à la fin du Crétacé ou au début du Tertiaire, et il s’est diversifié et dispersé partout en Amérique du Nord et en Eurasie au cours du Tertiaire. Les acariens de ce genre étaient probablement bien adaptés au climat tempéré qui a persisté jusqu’à la fin du Tertiaire, et ils ont été forcés de se déplacer vers des zones refuges plus australes à la suite de la destruction de leur habitat et du refroidissement climatique associé à certains épisodes des glaciations du Pléistocène. Les diverses espèces recommencent à coloniser les régions récemment déglacées du refuge du Wisconsinien, s’établissant progressivement, avec les chironomides qui leur servent d’hôtes, dans les rivières et les petits ruisseaux qui leur offrent des conditions adéquates.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 124 , Issue 3 , June 1992 , pp. 451 - 490
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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