Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T05:10:29.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Natural history of Corythucha juglandis and Gargaphia tiliae (Hemiptera: Tingidae) in Ontario and Québec, Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2019

M. Javahery
M. Javahery*
Affiliation:
Lyman Entomological Museum and Research Laboratory, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
*
Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected])
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The natural history of Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) and Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) was studied in Ontario and Québec, Canada. These univoltine species overwinter as adults in leaf litter in a state of reproductive diapause and become active in April or May. They are specific to their host plants. Adults, eggs, and nymphs of both species were collected from the underside of leaves of host plants. The reproductive systems of both male and female, as well as eggs, nymphs, and operculum of the eggs of the two species, are described and illustrated. Fecundity, incubation period, development of nymphs, feeding, mating, and oviposition were studied. Mating was end-to-end at an angle of 35–40°. The reproductive potential, oviposition pattern, and site selection in the two species were investigated. Parental care of eggs and brood of G. tiliae is also reported and illustrated. Ocelli, true spermathecae, true egg micropyles, and true egg burster are absent in the two species. Fertilisation takes place before chorion formation. Adults, nymphs, and new generation aggregate on the underside of leaves of their host or nearby deciduous plants. In October they fly a short distance to overwintering sites within leaf litter.

Résumé

Le cycle de vie de Corythucha juglandis (Fitch) et Gargaphia tiliae (Walsh) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) a été étudié en Ontario et au Québec, Canada. Ces espèces univoltines hivernent sous forme d’adultes dans la litière et deviennent actives en avril ou mai. Ils sont spécifiques à leur plante hôte. Les adultes, œufs et les stades immatures ont été principalement récoltés sous les feuilles de leurs plantes hôtes. Les organes reproducteurs des mâles et femelles, ainsi que les œufs, les nymphes, et l’operculum des œufs des deux espèces sont décrits et illustrés. La fécondité, la période d’incubation, le développement des nymphes, le mode d’alimentation, l’accouplement et l’oviposition ont été étudiés. L’accouplement s’est produit bout-à-bout à un angle de 35–40°. Le potentiel de reproduction, les patrons d’oviposition et la sélection des sites ont été examinés. Les soins parentaux des œufs et de la couvée de G. tiliai ont aussi été rapportés et illustrés. Les ocellesegg, les spermathèques véritables, les micropyles et le vrai ovirupteur des œufs sont absents et la fertilisation survient avant la formation des chorions chez les deux espèces. Les adultes et les nymphes se regroupent sous les feuilles de leurs plantes hôtes ou à proximité. La nouvelle génération d’adultes se regroupe quelque temps sous les feuilles puis vole sur une courte distance aux sites d’hivernage dans la litière à la fin d’octobre.

Type
Behaviour and Ecology
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 151 , Issue 4 , August 2019 , pp. 475 - 497
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Subject editor: Christopher Cutler

References

Aldrich, J.R., Neal, J.W., Oliver, I.E., and Lusby, W.R. 1991. Chemistry vis-à-vis maternalism in lace bugs (Heteroptera: Tingidae): alarm pheromones and exudate defense in Corychucha and Gargaphia species. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17: 2307–2322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, N.S. 1951. The Tingoidea of New England and their biology. Entomologica Americana, 31: 1–104.Google Scholar
Baker, W.L. 1972. Eastern forest insects. United States Department of Agricultural Miscellaneous Publications, 1175: 1–642.Google Scholar
Barber, H.G. and Weiss, H.B. 1922. The lace bugs of New Jersey. New Jersey Department of Agriculture Circular, 54: 3–15.Google Scholar
Blatchley, W.S. 1926. Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with special reference to the faunas of Indiana and Florida. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucher, S. 2006. Les insectes de nos jardins. Broquet, Saint-Constant, Québec, Canada.Google Scholar
Cassis, G. and Symonds, C. 2008. Systematics, biogeography and host associations of the lace bug genus Inoma . Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 48: 433–484.Google Scholar
Cloutier, E. 1956. Native trees of Canada, fifth edition. Forestry Branch, Northern Affairs and National Resources, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Cobben, R.H. 1968. Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part I. Eggs, architecture of the shell, gross embryology and eclosion. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Cobben, R.H. 1978. Evolutionary trends in Heteroptera. Part II. Mouthpart-structures and feeding strategies. H. Veenman and Zonen, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Drake, C.J. 1917. Key to the Nearctic species of Gargaphia with the description of a new species (Hem. - Het). Entomological News, 28: 227–228.Google Scholar
Drake, C.J. 1928. New and little known Neotropical Tingidae. Iowa State College Journal of Science, 3: 41–56.Google Scholar
Drake, C.J. and Davis, N.T. 1960. The morphology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the family Tingidae, including the description of a new genus and species of the subfamily Vianaidinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Entomologica Americana, 39: 1–100.Google Scholar
Drake, C.J. and Ruhoff, F.A. 1965. Lacebugs of the world, a catalog (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 243: 1–634.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faeth, S.H. 1989. Maternal care in a lace bug, Corythucha hewitti (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Psyche, 96: 101–110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fink, D.E. 1915. The egg plant lace bug. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, 239: 1–7.Google Scholar
Guidoti, M., Tallamy, D.W., and Luiz Marsaro, A. 2015. Maternal care in Gargaphia decoris (Heteroptera, Tingidae), with comments on this behavior within the genus and family. Revista Brasileria de Entomologia, 59: 104–106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hinton, H.E. 1981. Biology of insect eggs, volume 1–3. Pergamon, New York, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
Hurd, M.P. 1946. Generic classification of North American Tingoidea (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Iowa State College Journal of Science, 20: 429–492.Google Scholar
Javahery, M. 1968. The egg parasite complex of British Pentatomoiea (Hemiptera): Taxonomy of Telenominae (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 120: 417–436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Javahery, M. 1986. Biology and ecology of Picromerus bidens (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in southeastern Canada. Entomological News, 97: 87–98.Google Scholar
Javahery, M. 1990. Biology and ecological adaptation of the green stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Quebec and Ontario. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 83: 201–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Javahery, M. 1994. Development of eggs in some true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). Part I. Pentatomoidea. The Canadian Entomologist, 126: 401–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Javahery, M. 1995. A technical review of sunn pests (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) with special reference to Eurygaster integriceps Puton. Food and Agricultural Organization Regional Office for the Near East, Cairo, Egypt.Google Scholar
Javahery, M. 2002. Biology of Corythucha juglandis, Gargaphia tiliae and their distribution in Canada. In Second Quadrennial Meeting of the International Heteropterists’ Society. Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.Google Scholar
Javahery, M. 2013. Natural history of Reduvius personatus Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in North America. Munis Entomology and Zoology Journal, 8: 685–703.Google Scholar
Javahery, M., Schaefer, C.W., and Lattin, J.D. 2000. Shied bugs (Scutelleridae). In Heteroptera of economic importance. Edited by Schaefer, C.W. and Panizzi, A.R., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America. Pp. 475–503.Google Scholar
Jing, H.-L. 1981. Family Tingidae. In A handbook for the determination of the Chinese Hemiptera: Heteroptera, volume 2. Edited by Hsiao, T.-Y.. Science Press, Beijing, China. Pp. 271–368. [In Chinese, English summary].Google Scholar
Livingstone, D. 1977. Host specificity in Tingidae (Heteroptera) in relation to plants, parasitoids and predators. In Insects and host specificity. Edited by Ananthakrishana, T.N.. Macmillan and Company, Delhi, India. Pp. 23–28.Google Scholar
Livingstone, D. and Yacoob, M.H.S. 1987. Biosystematics of Tingidae on the basis of the biology and micromorphology of their eggs. Proceedings of the Indian Academy Science (Animal Science), 96: 587–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maw, H.E.L., Foottit, R.G., Hamilton, K.G.A., and Scudder, G.G.E. 2000. Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.Google Scholar
Neal, J.W. and Douglass, L.W. 1990. Seasonal dynamics and the effect of temperature in Corythucha cydoniae (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Environmental Entomology, 19: 1299–1304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neal, J.W. and Schaefer, C.W. 2000. Lace bugs (Tingidae). In Heteroptera of economic importance. Edited by Schaefer, C.W. and Panizzi, A.R.. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America. Pp. 85–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Péricart, J. 1983. Hémiptère Tingidae euro-méditerranèens. Faune de France, 69: 1–618.Google Scholar
Provancher, L. 1886. Tingitides. Petite faune entomologique du Canada, 3: 156–161, 5 plates.Google Scholar
Pruthi, H.S. 1925. The morphology of the male genitalia in Rhynchota. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1925: 127–267.Google Scholar
Qi, B.Y., Nonnaizab, A., and Schaefer, C.W. 1991. The food plant of the Tingidae of inner Mongolia, China. Phytophaga (Madras), 3: 109–120.Google Scholar
Schuh, R.T., Cassis, G., and Guilbert, E. 2006. Description of the first recent macropterous species of Vianaidinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae) with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the family within the Cimicomorpha. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 114: 38–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheeley, R.D. and Yonke, T.R. 1977. Biological note on seven species of Missouri tingids (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 50: 342–356.Google Scholar
Slater, J.A. and Baranowski, R.M. 1978. How to know the true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). The Pictured Key Nature Series. Dubuque, Iowa, United States of America.Google Scholar
Southwood, T.R.E. 1956. The structure of the eggs of the terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 108: 163–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stonedahl, G.M., Dolling, R.M., and du Heaume, G.J. 1992. Identification guide to common tingid pests of the world (Heteroptera: Tingidae). Tropical Pest Management, 38: 438–449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Štusák, J.M. 1958. Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Eier der Tingiden (Hemiptera-Heteroptera, Tingidae). Časopis Československé společnosti entomologické, 55: 361–371.Google Scholar
Tallamy, D.W. 2005. Egg dumping in insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 50: 347–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tallamy, D.W. and Denno, R.F. 1981. Alternative life history patterns in risky environments: an example from lace bugs. In Insect life history patterns: geographic and habitat variation. Edited by Denno, R.F. and Dingle, H., Springer-Verlag, New York, New York, United States of America. Pp. 129–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tallamy, D.W. and Schaefer, C. 1997. Maternal care in the Hemiptera: ancestry, alternatives, and current adaptive value. In The evolution of social behaviour in insects and arachnids. Edited by Choe, J.C. and Crespi, B.J.. Cambridge University Press, New York, New York, United States of America.Google Scholar
Tomokuni, M. 1983. Notes on the Japanese species of Acalypta (Hemiptera, Tingidae). Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, 16: 145–154.Google Scholar
Twinn, C.R. 1935. A summary of insect conditions in Canada in 1934. Annual Report of the Entomological Society of Ontario, 65: 112–128.Google Scholar
Vogt, T.E. and McPherson, J.E. 1986. Life history and laboratory rearing of Corythucha juglandis (Hemiptera: Tingidae) with descriptions of immature stages. Great Lakes Entomology, 19: 221–233.Google Scholar
Weiss, H.B. 1919. Notes on Gargaphia tiliae Walsh, the linden lace-bug. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 32: 165–168.Google Scholar
Weiss, H.B. and Dickerson, E.L. 1918. The life history and early stages of Corythucha parshleyi Gibson. The Canadian Entomologist, 50: 401–406.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, E.O. 1971. The insects societies. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.Google Scholar
Wilson, E.O. 1975. Sociobiology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.Google Scholar