Hostname: page-component-7bb8b95d7b-dtkg6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-09-12T18:17:49.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Natural Control of Insect Populations1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

A. Milne
A. Milne
Affiliation:
Durham University School of Agriculture King's College, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Animals are capable of multiplying their numbers by some form of reproduction; but they are hindered by natural means from multiplying to the point of committing collective suicide by exhausting the resources of this planet. Animals are also subject to having their numbers decreased; but, likewise, their decrease to extinction is hindered by natural means. The question of these natural means of limiting increase and decrease of numbers is a fundamental problem of Ecology: the problem of the mechanism of natural control of populations. The solution of this problem has, of course, great practical interest because man suffers from some animals being too few (beneficial species) and others too numerous (pests).

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 89 , Issue 5 , May 1957 , pp. 193 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1957

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allee, W. C., Emerson, A. E., O. Park, , T. Park, , and Schmidt, K. P.. 1949. Principles of Animal Ecology. W. B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia and London.Google Scholar
Andrewartha, H. G., and Birch, L. C.. 1954. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. The University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Betts, M. M. 1955. The food of titmice in oak woodland. J. Anim. Ecol., 24, 282–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, L. C. 1950. Principles of Animal Ecology—An Appraisal. Ecology, 31, 153–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, L. C. 1955. The Distribution and Abundance of Animals—A Review. Ecology, 36, 538–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBach, P. 1951b. The necessity for an ecological approach to pest control on citrus in California. J. Econ. Ent., 44, 443–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBach, P. 1955a. Validity of the insecticidal check method as a measure of the effectiveness of natural enemies of diaspine scale insects. J. Econ. Ent., 48, 584–588.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBach, P., Fleschner, C. A., and Dietrick, E. J.. 1949. Population studies of the long-tailed mealybug and its natural enemies on citrus trees in southern California. J. Econ. Ent., 42, 777–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBach, P., Fleschner, C. A., and Dietrick, E. J.. 1951a. Studies of the efficacy of natural enemies of citrus red mite in southern California. J. Econ. Ent., 43, 807–819.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeBach, P., Fisher, T. W., and Landi, J.. 1955b. Some effects of meteorological factors on all stages of Aphytis lingnanensis, a parasite of the California red scale. Ecology, 36, 743–753.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elton, C. S. 1949. Population interspersion: an essay on animal community patterns. J. Ecol., 37, 1–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finney, D. J. 1950. Two new uses of the Behrens-Fisher distribution. J. Roy. Statist. Soc., 12, 296–300.Google Scholar
Finney, D. J., Varley, G. C.. 1955. An example of the truncated Poisson distribution. Biometrics, 11, 387–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glen, R. 1954. Factors that affect insect abundance, J. Econ. Ent., 47, 398–405.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howard, L. O., and Fiske, W. F.. 1911. Importation into the United States of the parasites of the gipsy and brown-tail moths. U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent. Bul., 91, 1–312.Google Scholar
Lack, D. 1955. The mortality factors affecting adult numbers. A paper in “The Numbers of Man and Animals”, Institute of Biology, Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh.Google Scholar
MacFadyen, A. 1949. Population ecology. Science Prog., 147, 532–543.Google Scholar
Malthus, T. R. 1798. An Essay of the Principle of Population. London, Johnson.Google Scholar
Milne, A. 1943. The comparison of sheep-tick populations (Ixodes ricinus L.). Ann. appl. Biol., 30, 240–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, A. J. 1933. The balance of animal populations. J. Anim. Ecol., 2, 132–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, A. J. 1937. The role of competition in determining animal populations. J. Coun. Sei. Ind. Res. (Australia), 10, 101–106.Google Scholar
Nicholson, A. J. 1947. Fluctuation of animal populations. Rep. Aust. N.Z. Ass. Advance Sci., 26, 134–148.Google Scholar
Nicholson, A. J. 1954a. Compensatory reactions of populations to stresses, and their evolutionary significance. Austral. J. Zool., 2, 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, A. J. 1954b. An outline of the dynamics of animal populations. Austral. J. Zool., 2, 9–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicholson, A. J., and Bailey, V. A.. 1935. The balance of animal populations. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., Pt. 3, 551–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwerdtfeger, F. 1935. Studien uber den Massenwechsel einiger Forstschadlinge. Z. Forstund Jagdw. 67: 15–38, 85–104, 449–482, 513–540.Google Scholar
Schwerdtfeger, F. 1942. Uber die Ursachen des Massenwechsels der Insekten. Z. Angew. Ent., 28, 254–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, H. S. 1935. The role of biotic factors in the determination of population densities. J. Econ. Ent., 28, 873–898.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, M. E. 1949. The natural control of animal populations. J. Anim. Ecol., 18, 1–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, J. 1934. A mathematical theory of the growth of populations of the flour beetle, Tribolium confusum, Duv. Canad. J. Res., 11, 728–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, T. H. C. 1955. Biological control of insect pests. Ann. appl. Biol., 42, 190–196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1929. On natural control. Parasitology, 21, 269–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1939. Biological control and the theories of the interactions of populations. Parasitology, 31, 299–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, W. R. 1956. The fundamental theory of natural and biological control. Annual Rev. Ent., 1, 379–402.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uvarov, B. P. 1931. Insects and climate. Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 79, 1–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varley, G. C. 1947. The natural control of population balance in the knapweed gall-fly (Urophora jaceana). J. Anim. Ecol., 16, 139–187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varley, G. C. 1953. Ecological aspects of population regulation. Trans. IXth Internat. Congr. Ent., 2, 210–214.Google Scholar