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MONITORING FUNGUS GNATS (DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE) IN CUCUMBER GREENHOUSES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

T.A. Rutherford
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
D.B. Trotter
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6
J.M. Webster
Affiliation:
Centre for Pest Management, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C., Canada V5A 1S6

Abstract

Simple, sticky traps were used to monitor adult sciarid populations, and soil cores were used to monitor larval sciarid populations in commercial cucumber greenhouses. Four methods of sticky-trap placement were compared and it was found that 5 traps in a “W” formation correlated closely with more intensive 12- and 30-trap random placements. All 4 of the greenhouses studied exhibited similar sciarid population patterns in 1983 but only 2 showed large sciarid populations in 1984 and the other 2, using different overwinter sanitation methods, had no detectable sciarid populations. Moth-flies (Psychodidae) were often the most numerous form of small dipteran found on the traps. Larval sciarids occurred in the upper 5 cm of each 10-cucumber bag, and weekly 50-mL core samples showed a range of 0.0 to 1.1 larvae/mL which corresponded to estimated larval populations of up to 2500 per bag. Plants that had succumbed to fungal pathogens and then been sampled immediately for sciarid larvae were found to have fewer larvae per bag than apparently healthy plants. Insect monitoring in cucumber greenhouses has enabled growers to reduce and/or eliminate the need for insecticide applications against sciarids during the growing season.

Résumé

On a eu recours à des pièges collants simples pour les adultes, et à des carottes de sol pour les larves, afin de suivre les populations de sciarides dans des serres commerciales de concombre. Une comparaison de quatre types de disposition des pièges collants a permis de constater que 5 pièges disposés en “W” ont fourni des estimés qui étaient corrélés avec ceux fournis par 12 à 30 pièges disposés au hasard. L'ensemble des 4 établissements étudiés a révélé des tendances similaires des populations de sciarides en 1983, mais seulement 2 indiquaient des populations importantes de sciarides en 1984, alors que les 2 autres, où les opérations sanitaires hivernales différaient, ont révélé l'absence de populations détectables de sciarides. Les petits diptères les plus nombreux capturés par les pièges étaient des Psychodidae. On a observé des larves de sciarides dans les 5 cm superficiels de chaque sac à concombre de 10 L, et les carottes de 50 mL indiquaient la présence de 0,0 à 1,1 larve/mL, ce qui permet d'estimer les populations à 2500 larves ou moins par sac. Des plants morts des suites d'une infection de pathogènes fongiques et échantillonnés immédiatement pour la présence de larves de sciarides, présentaient moins de larves par sac que des plants apparamment sains. La surveillance des insectes dans les serres à concombre a permis aux producteurs de réduire ou d'éliminer l'usage d'insecticides contre les sciarides durant la saison de croissance.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

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