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MATING DISRUPTION FOR CONTROLLING THE CODLING MOTH, CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE), IN ORGANIC APPLE PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

R.M. Trimble
Affiliation:
Pest Management Research Centre—Vineland, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Box 6000, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada L0R 2E0

Abstract

Sex pheromone-mediated mating disruption using Isomate-C® pheromone dispensers was evaluated as a means of controlling the codling moth, Cydia pomonella, over three consecutive growing seasons in organically managed blocks of apples at two commercial apple orchards in Ontario. The objective of the study was to determine if mating disruption could be used to stabilize or reduce the amount of damage caused by indigenous codling moth populations. The emission rate of the pheromone dispensers was estimated using volumetric and gravimetric methods. Efficacy of the pheromone treatment was assessed by comparing pheromone-baited trap catches of adult male codling moths in pheromone- and insecticide-treated blocks of apples, and by estimating damage caused by first- and second-generation codling moths in pheromone- and insecticide-treated blocks as well as in small plots of apples where the codling moth was not controlled. The estimated average release rate of pheromone varied from 22.2 to 30.3 mg per ha per h. The seasonal total number of adult male moths trapped in the pheromone-treated blocks was from 3.8 to 25.3% of the number trapped in insecticide-treated blocks; during one season at one farm, no moths were trapped in a pheromone-treated block. Treatment with pheromone did not prevent an increase in codling moth damage. At one farm, damage increased ca. 5-fold during the 3-year study. At the other farm, damage increased ca. 4-fold during two consecutive growing seasons in one block and ca. 4-fold during three consecutive seasons in the other block. At both farms there was a marked increase in the amount of damage between the first and second generations of the pest. Possible reasons for the failure of the pheromone treatment to prevent increases in codling moth damage are discussed.

Résumé

Une méthode de lutte contre le Carpocapse de la pomme, Cydia pomonella, par interruption des accouplements au moyen de phéromones sexuelles a été évaluée par utilisation de phéromone Isomate-C® durant trois saisons consécutives de croissance dans des carrés-échantillons de cultures organiques de pommiers, dans deux vergers commerciaux d’Ontario. L’opération avait pour but de déterminer si l’interruption des accouplements pouvait servir à stabiliser ou à réduire l’importance des dommages causés par les populations indigènes de ce papillon. Les taux d’émission des appareils libérateurs de phéromone ont été estimés par des méthodes volumétriques et gravimétriques. L’efficacité des traitements à la phéromone a été mesurée en comparant les captures de mâles adultes dans les pièges à phéromone, dans les carrés-échantillons traités à la phéromone ou à l’insecticide, et en procédant à l’estimation des dommages causés par les carpocapses de première et de seconde générations dans les carrés-échantillons traités à la phéromone ou à l’insecticide et dans de petits carrés-échantillons témoins où l’insecte ne faisait l’objet d’aucune lutte. Le taux d’émission moyen de la phéromone variait de 22,2 à 30,3 mg par ha par heure. Le nombre total de mâles adultes capturés au cours d’une saison dans les carrés-échantillons traités à la phéromone équivalait à 3,8–25,3% du nombre capturé dans les carrés-échantillons traités à l’insecticide; au cours d’une saison, dans un verger, aucun papillon n’a été capturé dans un carré-échantillon traité à la phéromone. Le traitement à la phéromone n’a pas enrayé l’aggravation des dommages causés par le Carpocapse de la pomme : dans l’un des vergers, les dommages ont quintuplé au cours de la durée de l’étude. Dans l’autre verger, les dommages ont quadruplé en 2 ans dans un carré-échantillon et en 3 ans dans l’autre. Dans les deux vergers, les dommages ont augmenté de façon considérable entre la première et la deuxième génération des ravageurs. Les raisons possibles de l’échec des traitements à la phéromone pour enrayer les dommages causés par le Carpocapse de la pomme sont examinées.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1995

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