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MATING BEHAVIOR OF SPRUCE BUDWORM MOTHS, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C.J. Sanders  and
G.S.M. Lucuik
C.J. Sanders
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
G.S.M. Lucuik
Affiliation:
Forestry Canada, Ontario Region, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Abstract

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The mating behavior of spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] moths was studied in a wind tunnel. Of 88 contacts between male and female moths, 64 (73%) resulted in successful copulation. Failures were a result of males losing contact during courtship (11%), and females walking or flying, either when first contacted (7%) or when males attempted copulation (9%). Females showed no overt behavior other than moving away. Removal of the male labial palps had no effect on responses, which indicates that these structures have no role in courtship. Males with antennae completely removed did not respond to airborne pheromone and, therefore, none copulated. Removal of one antenna or half of both antennae of the males did not reduce the numbers of males that located females, but did result in slower responses and fewer matings. It also resulted in changes in male courtship behavior, which suggest that males depend upon their antennae to position themselves appropriately alongside the female when attempting to copulate. Analyses of male response to models of female moths constructed from glass rods with wings of male spruce budworm or male white-marked tussock moth [Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith)] attached showed that males position themselves approximately halfway along me wing length of the model, with no dependance on its wing size or the length of the male’s antennae. Responses were equally high to both spruce budworm and to tussock moth wings, but no males responded to glass rods in the absence of wings.

Résumé

Nous avons étudié l’accouplement chez des Tordeuses des bourgeons de l’épinette [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] placées dans un tunnel aérodynamique. Sur 88 contacts entre des mâles et des femelles, 64 (73%) ont abouti à des accouplements réussis. Plusieurs causes d’insuccès ont été observées : les mâles peuvent perdre contact durant le comportement de cour (11%), les femelles peuvent s’éloigner en marchant ou en volant, soit après le premier contact (7%), soit après une tentative d’accouplement de la part des mâles (9%). Les femelles n’ont fait que s’éloigner et n’ont pas manifesté d’autre forme de réaction. L’ablation des palpes labiaux chez les mâles est restée sans effet sur leurs réactions, ce qui indique que ces structures n’ont pas de rôle à jouer au cours du comportement de cour. Les mâles qui ont subi une ablation des antennes n’ont pu réagir aux phéromones dans l’air et ne se sont donc pas accouplés. L’ablation d’une seule antenne ou de la moitié des deux antennes chez les mâles n’a pas réduit le nombre de mâles qui ont réussi à localiser une femelle, mais a eu pour effet de ralentir les réactions des mâles et par conséquent moins de mâles se sont accouplés à la suite de ce traitement. Le comportement de cour a étalement été modifié par le traitement, ce qui semble indiquer que les mâles se fient à leurs antennes pour se placer correctement le long d’une femelle au moment de l’accouplement. Mis en présence de modèles de papillons femelles fabriqués de tiges de verre auxquelles des ailes de mâles de tordeuses ou de mâles de Chenilles à houppes blanches [Orgyia leucostigma (J.E. Smith)] étaient attachées, les papillons mâles se plaçaient approximativement à mi-chemin le long des ailes du modèle, quelle qu’en fût la longueur, et quelle que fût aussi la longueur de leurs propres antennes. Les réactions étaient aussi fortes en présence de modèles à ailes de Chenilles à houppes blanches qu’en présence de modèles à ailes de Tordeuses des bourgeons de l’épinette, mais aucun mâle n’a réagi en présence de tiges de verre sans ailes.

[Traduit par la rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 124 , Issue 2 , April 1992 , pp. 273 - 286
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1992

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