Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T10:06:20.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

LOW WINTER TEMPERATURES AND THE POTENTIAL FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE EGG PARASITE ANASTATUS DISPARIS (HYMENOPTERA: EUPELMIDAE) IN ONTARIO POPULATIONS OF THE GYPSY MOTH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

C. R. Sullivan ,
K. J. Griffiths  and
D. R. Wallace
C. R. Sullivan
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
K. J. Griffiths
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
D. R. Wallace
Affiliation:
Great Lakes Forest Research Centre, Canadian Forestry Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The overwintering mature larva of the parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka within the intact gypsy moth, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., egg chorion is susceptible to freezing and has a mean supercooling point of −28.8±0.14°C. This level of cold hardiness is not increased by exposure to sublethal low temperatures. Over 85% of larvae survived 10 months at 0°C and 4 days at −12° or −18°C, both followed by an additional 2–3 months at 0°C, but over half of the survivors went into prolonged diapause which was not fulfilled by subsequent rearing at room temperature. The parasite is apparently capable of surviving winter conditions over the same geographic area in Canada as the gypsy moth, and the introduction of A. disparts into locations in Canada where gypsy moth is now present is recommended.

Résumé

La larve mature hivernante du parasite Anastatus disparis Ruschka au sein de la membrane secondaire de l’oeuf (ou chorion) de la spongieuse, Lymantria (= Porthetria) dispar L., est sensible à la gelée et elle possède un point moyen de super refroidissement de −28.8 ± 0.14°C. Ce niveau d’endurcissement au froid n’est pas augmenté si on expose la larve à des basses températures sublétales. Au-delà de 85% des larves survécurent 10 mois à 0°C et 4 jours à 12° ou −18°C, des deux temps suivis de 2 à 3 mois additionnels à 0°C, mais plus de la moitié des survivantes tombèrent dans une diapause prolongée, laquelle ne fut pas produite (ne se produisit pas) par un élevage subséquent à température de la pièce. Il semble que le parasite est capable de survivre aux conditions hivernales du Canada, dans la même aire géographique que la spongieuse; il est donc recommandé d’introduire A. disparis dans les endroits du Canada où la spongieuse est actuellement présente.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 109 , Issue 2 , February 1977 , pp. 215 - 220
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1977

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bjegovic, P. 1964. Uticaj niskih temperatura na odrasle larve jajnog parazita gubara (Anastatus disparis Ruschka). Zast. Bilja 15: 3–12.Google Scholar
Burgess, A. F. 1914. The gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth, with suggestions for their control. Fmrs' Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 564. 24 pp.Google Scholar
Burgess, A. F. and Crossman, S. S.. 1929. Imported insect enemies of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. 86. 147 pp.Google Scholar
Crossman, S. S. 1925. Two imported egg parasites of the gypsy moth, Anastatus bifasciatus Fonsc. and Schedius kuvanae Howard. J. agric. Res. 30: 643–675.Google Scholar
Dowden, P. B. 1962. Parasites and predators of forest insects liberated in the United States through 1960. USDA For. Serv., Agric. Handb. U.S. Dep. Agric. 226. 70 pp.Google Scholar
Howard, L. O. and Fiske, W. F.. 1911. The importation into the United States of the parasites of the gypsy moth and the brown-tail moth. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric. Bur. Ent. 91. 312 pp.Google Scholar
Rose, A. H. 1969. Noteworthy forest insects in Ontario in 1969. Proc. ent. Soc. Ont. 100: 11–13.Google Scholar
Rowe, J. S. 1972. Forest regions of Canada. Publ. Can. Dep. Environ., Can. For. Serv. 1300. 172 pp.Google Scholar
Sullivan, C. R. 1965. Laboratory and field investigations on the ability of eggs of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) to withstand low winter temperatures. Can. Ent. 97: 978–993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sullivan, C. R. and Wallace, D. R.. 1972. The potential northern dispersal of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Can. Ent. 104: 1349–1355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tadic, M. 1962. Prilog poznavanju dijapauze jajnog parazita gubara Anastatus disparis R. na Hvaru. Zast. Bilja 63(64): 13–19.Google Scholar