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LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE WHITE PINE CONE BORER, EUCOSMA TOCULLIONANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Peter de Groot
Peter de Groot
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, P.O. Box 490, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7
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Abstract

The life history of the white pine cone borer, Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, was studied from 1992 to 1994 in an eastern white pine seed orchard in Ontario. Adults flew from late May to early July, and egg laying commenced in mid-June. Oviposition coincided with the onset of white pine pollen release. Eggs were laid singly or in clusters on cones, with most of the eggs laid on the basal third of the cone. Head capsule measurements indicated five instars. Larvae fed in cones from mid-June to the end of August. Mature larvae exited the cones and dropped to the ground to pupate. The insect is univoltine. Parasitism by the Hymenoptera, Trichogramma and Apanteles, accounted for 5% of the eggs and 1% of the larvae, respectively. About 40% of the larvae died from being entrapped in resin. There were no significant differences in attack rates by E. tocullionana within the tree except in the middle level, where the south quadrant had significantly higher rates than the north quadrant.

Résumé

Le cycle de vie du perce-cône du pin blanc, Eucosma tocullionana Heinrich, a été étudié de 1992 à 1994 dans un verger à graines de pins blancs en Ontario. Les adultes ont volé de la fin de mai au début de juillet. La ponte des oeufs a commencé à la mi-juin, coïncidant avec le début de la dispersion du pollen des pins blancs. Les oeufs ont été pondus isolément ou en amas sur les cônes, la majorité sur le tiers inférieur des cônes. Les mesures de la capsule céphalique ont indiqué cinq stades larvaires (instars). Les larves se sont nourries dans les cônes de la mi-juin à la fin d’août. À leur sortie des cônes, les larves matures sont tombées au sol pour la nymphose. Cet insecte est univoltin. Les hyménoptères Trichogramma et Apanteles ont parasité 5% des oeufs et 1% des larves respectivement. Environ 40% des larves sont mortes emprisonnées dans la résine. Aucune différence significative de l’ampleur des attaques par E. tocullionana au niveau de l’arbre n’a été mise en évidence, sauf dans la partie moyenne où les attaques étaient significativement plus nombreuses dans le quadrant sud comparativement au quadrant nord.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 130 , Issue 1 , February 1998 , pp. 79 - 90
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1998

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