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LIFE CYCLE AND MORTALITY OF PISSODES TERMINALIS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) IN LODGEPOLE PINE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

David W. Langor  and
Daryl J.M. Williams
David W. Langor
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
Daryl J.M. Williams
Affiliation:
Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 5320-122 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6H 3S5
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Abstract

The seasonal life history and mortality of the lodgepole terminal weevil, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), were investigated in young lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae), at three sites in west-central Alberta. Flight was monitored with traps. Development and mortality of all stages were investigated by dissecting infested leaders biweekly from late spring to early fall. Two years were required for P. terminalis to complete its life cycle, and generations overlapped. Overwintered adults emerged from the duff and commenced flight in late May, with a peak in mid-June. Eggs were present from mid-June to late July. There were four larval instars. The first two instars fed only in the phloem. Third and fourth larval instars eventually entered the pith to continue feeding, overwinter, and complete development the following spring. The new generation of adults emerged between mid-July and early August, fed on new shoots for several weeks, and overwintered in the duff. Adults have an obligatory diapause and did not reproduce until after winter. Fourth larval instars suffered the highest mortality. The major attributable cause of mortality was resinosis among eggs and young larvae and cold temperatures during the winter among mature larvae. Pathogens caused little mortality. Six species of parasitoids were collected.

Résumé

Le cycle saisonnier et la mortalité saisonnière ont été étudiés chez le Charançon du pin tordu, Pissodes terminalis Hopping (Coleoptera : Curculionidae), dans de jeunes pins Pinus contorta Douglas var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae) en trois points du centre ouest de l’Alberta. Le vol a été suivi au moyen de pièges. Le développement et la mortalité à tous les stades ont été étudiés par dissection bihebdomadaire de bourgeons terminaux de la fin du printemps au début de l’automne. Il faut 2 ans à P. terminalis pour faire tout son cycle et les générations se chevauchent. Les adultes qui ont survécu à l’hiver sortent de la couche de litière et deviennent actifs à la fin de mai et leur période de vol la plus intense se produit à la mi-juin. On peut trouver des oeufs de la mi-juin à la fin de juillet. Il y a quatre stades larvaires; les larves des deux premiers stades se nourrissent exclusivement dans le phloème. Les larves des troisième et quatrième stades pénètrent éventuellement dans la couche médullaire pour se nourrir et passer l’hiver et elles y finissent leur développement au printemps suivant. Les adultes de cette nouvelle génération émergent entre la mi-juillet et le début d’août, se nourrissent des nouvelles pousses pendant plusieurs semaines et passent l’hiver dans la couche de litière. Les adultes ont une diapause obligatoire et ne se reproduisent pas avant la fin de l’hiver. Ce sont les larves de quatrième stade qui ont subi le plus haut taux de mortalité au cours de l’étude. La résinose a été la principale cause de mortalité des charançons aux stades d’oeuf et de jeune larve; chez les larves à maturité, ce sont les températures froides en hiver qui ont causé le plus de mortalité. Les pathogènes ont entraîné peu de mortalité. Six espèces de parasitoïdes ont été recueillies.

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 130 , Issue 4 , August 1998 , pp. 387 - 397
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1998

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